Fuentes históricas - History Lab

Matrimonio de Juan Álvarez Mendizábal con María Teresa Alfaro en Barrax, 1812

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

El documento es un registro parroquial de los matrimonios realizados en la iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Concepción de la villa de Barrax. El caso concreto, es el matrimonio realizado el 21 de febrero de 1812 entre Juan álvarez Mendizával y María Teresa Alfaro. Se mencionan a los progenitores de ambos; en el caso de ella, su madre era la encargada de prestar el consentimiento para realizar la unión matrimonial; en el caso de él, fue la Real Justicia de la Gineta. El estudio de la presente tipología documental es fundamental para la reconstrucción del pasado social de las familias, sus orígenes, trayectorias y ciclos vitales.

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Casa de Contratación de Sevilla (1503-1790)

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

La Casa de Contratación, instalada en los Reales Alcázares de Sevilla en 1503, fue el primer órgano administrativo creado ex profeso para la gestión de América. En 1717 se trasladó a Cádiz hasta su extinción en 1790. En dicha institución se organizaban, gestionaban y tramitaban las expediciones a América; así mismo, controlaban las actividades comerciales y el tránsito de personas. Si bien existieron otras Casas de Contratación en la Península, la de Sevilla tuvo el monopolio del comercio entre España y sus territorios americanos; para ello, fue necesaria la colaboración con el gremio de comerciantes y la determinación del puerto de Sevilla, que se convirtió en el único autorizado para tales actividades.

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Numerosos criados de un hidalgo villarrobledense en 1753

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

The Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada included numerous socio-economic aspects of the individuals of the Crown of Castile. The document presented corresponds to the declaration of the nobleman Fernando Antonio Montoya. Fernando was ordinary mayor of the town of Villarrobledo. In 1753 he was 38 years old, while his wife was 47. His children were 17, 14 and 6 years old. His well-to-do position in the estates led him to have multiple servants in his service. Each servant is described according to his age and marital status. The maids stand out for being orphans, unmarried and varying in age from 40 to 22 years old; the same personal situation had the servant of his own service, Antonio Ruiz, aged 16, all three being completely dependent on the master. However, the servants specialising in farm work were all male and ranged in age from 15 to 50, with a total of 2 labour servants and 9 shepherds. Some of them, such as Felipe de Mora or Antonio Fraile were not residents of Villarrobledo, being counted as residents of Minaya, a few kilometres from the master’s town. For all these reasons, the declaration reflects the sexual roles associated with each gender (maids for the home and servants for field work), age and geographical location.

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Memorial de una viuda con hijos sirviendo en Villarrobledo, 1752

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

Memorial made by Josefa Navarro, widow of Bernardo de Moya, informing of her family and patrimonial state. Josefa declares that she is 50 years old and a widow, as well as having 3 sons: Bernardo de Moya, 26 years old and servant boy of sheep herdsman; Sebastián, 15 years old, shepherd; and Juan, 13 years old, blacksmith. The whole family is serving Cristóbal de la Torre. After explaining his family situation, he provides the goods he has: a house in the parish of San Francisco in Villarrobledo, consisting of multiple rooms; livestock in the form of 5 sheep, 7 goats, 13 goats’ laps and 1 lamb.

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Mujer sola con hijos, marido ausente desde hace 3 años. Toledo, 1778

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

The document is a statement by Sebastiana de Torres, 39 years old and a resident of Toledo, on the situation of her family. She declares that her husband, Esteban de Arévalo, a shepherd by trade, has been missing for three years. As a result, since the family’s main breadwinner was missing, Sebastiana had to work in order to support her children. She says that her work as an errand girl earns her 140 reales a year, although 33 reales of this amount goes to pay the rent for the house where they live.

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Mujer viuda y pobre residente en un cuarto de un mesón. Toledo, 1770

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

María González, aged 67, was a widow and extremely poor. Her situation led her to live with her two grandchildren: Manuel, 20 years old and a low-wage worker at the inn where they live; and Gregorio, 11 years old. Both grandchildren are in her care due to the premature death of their parents. With no help other than charity, her situation brought her no small amount of worry for her and her grandchildren’s future.

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Mujer lavandera con marido ausente 24 años. Toledo, 1778

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

Ana María Delgado, a resident of the parish of San Isidoro de Toledo, declared that she worked as a washerwoman, earning 2 reales a day to support herself. She also said that she was a single woman and that «I have no one to earn them for me». This allusion refers to the absence of her husband, 24 years without him, without knowing his whereabouts or whether he is still alive or dead. Ana María also states that she has to subsist by her own means and that she has a house of her own in which she lives, the rent of which is worth 12 ducats (a method of valuation to refer to the value of the property). This is an example of a single woman seeking her future by working and having a comfortable personal situation.

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Declaración de bienes de un criado paje de Toledo en 1771

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

Documento que refleja la situación de un criado paje. La declaración se enmarca dentro de las realizadas por la única Real Contribución; se trataba de las respuestas al Catastro del Marqués de la Ensenada que el monarca mandó hacer para tener un balance de la situación socio-económica de su Reino. En este caso, se trata de un criado en la casa de Don Nicolás Juan Paniagua, labor por la que cobra 3 reales diaros. Así mismo, declara que en su casa habita con su mujer, su suegra y con un vecino de Toledo.

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Declaración de bienes de un criado de compañía en Toledo, 1771

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

The declaration of the servant, Nicasio Cortés, aged 55 and husband of Josefa de Santa, aged 77, in which he states that he is not employed despite working in the house of Águeda Cepeda. He considers that this work, as he does not receive remuneration, does not count as real employment. In the same way, he states that both he and his wife subsist thanks to the wages earned by their son, Tomás Cortés, at the Royal Sword Factory. Why is Nicaso not paid as a servant? Although it is true that his work consisted of keeping company, the objective he could have pursued was to obtain a benefit of material goods after the death of the owner, who for reasons of affection could leave them some belongings as an inheritance.

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Declaración de dependencia de un criado paje en Toledo, 1771

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:21:55 +0000

Pascual Herráez y Barreda, resident of Toledo, aged 49, is married and has a daughter, Inés Herráez y Barreda, aged 17. Pascual declares to be the servant of Tomás Martínez de la Torre, who is Abbot of Santa Leocadia. His salary is 4.5 reales, although he specifies that he has to eat, dress himself and pay for the house, so the real money he has left is 1 real. He therefore fears that Tomás Martínez could dismiss him from his work or that he would die, leaving him without income. This declaration is one of the declarations made by the Royal Contribution to ascertain the socio-economic state of the Kingdom.

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