Apicultura - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 07:44:57 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Apicultura - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 International maritime wax production and trade around 1800 https://historylab.es/international-maritime-wax-production-and-trade-around-1800/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=international-maritime-wax-production-and-trade-around-1800 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:18 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/produccion-y-comercio-maritimo-internacional-de-cera-hacia-1800/ Resource showing the production and distribution of wax in Europe and the Western Mediterranean

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]]> Spanish pastoral beekeeping during the Modern Age was one of the most advanced beekeeping systems in Europe. The seasonal movement of hives became widespread in Spain in the early modern period; other countries such as France had to wait until the end of the 18th century to experience the necessary conditions for the development of the beekeeping sector. As a result, the amount of honey and wax collected increased. The resource shows the production of wax, marked on the map with cross lines, and its distribution throughout Europe and the western Mediterranean. In Spain, the main beekeeping areas were the regions of Galicia, Extremadura, the north and Mediterranean coast of Andalusia, the south and centre of Aragon, the Valencian coast, the north of Majorca, Murcia and parts of La Mancha. Waxes came to the Peninsula from the Netherlands, the Maghreb and the French region of Landes; however, due to the wars of the Revolution and the French Empire, trade channels were affected.

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]]> Taxation of Vera (Almería) in the apiary and sheep market (1531-1592) https://historylab.es/taxation-of-vera-almeria-in-the-apiary-and-sheep-market-1531-1592/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=taxation-of-vera-almeria-in-the-apiary-and-sheep-market-1531-1592 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:03 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/fiscalidad-de-vera-almeria-en-el-mercado-colmenar-y-ovino-1531-1592/ Line graph showing the average price of sheep pasture and apiary in Vera (Almería) during the 16th century

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]]> One of the tools of fiscal control exercised as a measure of social control in the 16th century was that imposed by the councils on the transhumance of beehives, carried out almost exclusively by the Moorish population. The practice of this type of transhumance was common in the Kingdom of Granada, mainly due to a tradition rooted in the Muslim period.
The taxation imposed by the councils was usually much higher than that imposed on other species and transhumant livestock, fixed on the consumption of “grass”, which was often higher for beekeeping than for the consumption of animals, at least when it came to paying certain taxes. As can be seen in the resource, the price of beehives is always higher than that of sheep and goats, except at three key moments, the years 1557-1558, 1562-1568 and after the Moorish period.
However, the equalisations are not due to a decrease in the price of beehives, but rather to the occasional increase in the price of grass for sheep, indicating that this tax burden had more of a social control function than a proportional tax on this economic activity.

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