Arrieros - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 07:39:39 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Arrieros - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Cadastre of the Ensenada https://historylab.es/cadastre-of-the-ensenada/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=cadastre-of-the-ensenada Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:42 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/catastro-de-la-ensenada/ The General Answers of the Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada constitute the oldest and most exhaustive survey available on the towns of the Crown of Castile in the mid-18th century.

The post Cadastre of the Ensenada first appeared on History Lab.

]]> Between 1750 and 1754 all the towns in “las Castillas” were subjected to an interrogation consisting of the following 40 questions: Name of the town (question 1); jurisdiction (2); extension and limits (3); types of land (4, 5); trees (6, 7, 8 and 13); measures of surface and capacity used (9, 10); species, quantity and value of fruits (11, 12, 14 and 16); tithes and first fruits (15); mines, salt mines, mills and other “artefacts” (17); livestock (18, 19 and 20); census of population, with neighbours, labourers, solemnly poor (21, 35 and 36), census of clerics (38) and convents (39); houses and other buildings (22); goods belonging to the commons (23), sisas and arbitrios (24), expenses of the commons, such as salaries, festivals, paving, fountains (25), taxes (26 and 27); industrial and commercial activities, with the utility of the goods or services produced: taverns, inns, shops, bakeries, butchers, bridges, boats on rivers, markets and fairs (29), hospitals (30), money changers and merchants (31), shopkeepers, doctors, surgeons, apothecaries, notaries, muleteers etc. (32); masons, stonemasons, masons, stonemasons, blacksmiths, cobblers etc. (33, 34); ships (37); alienated goods (28) and the King’s own revenues (40); the answers to these questions are obtained following a previously regulated process. This panoramic view of the Kingdom is a small part of a larger survey, the so-called Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada, set in motion by Royal Decree of Ferdinand VI on 10 October 1749, as a preliminary step to fiscal reform, replacing the complicated and unjust provincial revenues with a single tax, the so-called Contribution. The Single Tax was never implemented, but it has left an important volume of documentation in our archives, the General Answers are kept in various State Archives. The General Archive of Simancas holds the complete certified copy of the replies of the 13,000 localities of the Crown of Castile. Preservation reasons led to the initiation of the microfilming process. In the 1980s, the 545 books of General Answers kept in Simancas were microfilmed. The frequent consultation of these collections and the need to facilitate access made digitisation advisable, which was carried out by the Document Reproduction Service (SRDAE) from microfilm during 2004 and 2005. The result is 350,000 images of documents with very neat calligraphic handwriting, easy to read and with hardly any abbreviations; very few pages have legibility problems, such as faded inks or ink transfer from the back. These images are now available on this page.

The post Cadastre of the Ensenada first appeared on History Lab.

]]> The brawl at the Gallo’s inn https://historylab.es/the-brawl-at-the-gallos-inn/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-brawl-at-the-gallos-inn Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:19 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/la-rina-en-el-meson-del-gallo/ Representation of social reality through the recreation of an episode of conflict between muleteers and rickshaw pullers

The post The brawl at the Gallo’s inn first appeared on History Lab.

]]> This work is a sketch of the tapestry cartoon entitled “Brawl at the Venta Nueva” which belongs to Goya’s second series of cartoons. The subjects depicted are of a festive nature, reflecting scenes from everyday life. The master from Zaragoza depicts a dispute between muleteers and carriage drivers at the door of the inn due to the bets on the card game that appear on the table. The scene, which is extremely violent, expresses the irrational and aggressive behaviour of human beings when money is involved. Goya has taken great care with the attitudes and gestures of the figures, indicating the role of each character, as, for example, the costumes reveal their origin or condition (the Murcian with his back turned or the Andalusian calesero), demonstrating the artist’s interest in a rigorous analysis of reality

The post The brawl at the Gallo’s inn first appeared on History Lab.

]]> The squabble at the new sale https://historylab.es/the-squabble-at-the-new-sale/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-squabble-at-the-new-sale Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:19 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/la-rina-en-la-venta-nueva/ Social conflict around a sale in 18th-century Spain as depicted by Goya

The post The squabble at the new sale first appeared on History Lab.

]]> Tapestry cartoon depicting a brawl in front of what Goya defines as Venta Nueva. Although its walls are cracked and the cross that crowns it is tilted to one side, with a certain irony it provides a metaphorical sense of the timelessness of human violence. The inn is located at a crossroads, where a variety of characters gather, carriage drivers and muleteers whose attire reveals that they come from different parts of Spain. The golds and clubs thrown on the table indicate the motif of the fight in which the protagonists use all possible weapons (stones, sticks, knives and even a pistol). The theme of the work is reminiscent of similar compositions typical of the genre scenes of the Flemish and Dutch tradition used in the manufacture of tapestries since the 17th century. However, Goya conceived his composition with the grandeur of Italian classicism, and some of the figures and groups are even derived from classical sculpture.

The post The squabble at the new sale first appeared on History Lab.

]]>