Baleares - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 15:04:12 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Baleares - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Life expectancy at birth (second half of the 18th century in mainland Spain) https://historylab.es/life-expectancy-at-birth-second-half-of-the-18th-century-in-mainland-spain/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=life-expectancy-at-birth-second-half-of-the-18th-century-in-mainland-spain Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:52 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/esperanza-de-vida-al-nacimiento-segunda-mitad-del-siglo-xviii-en-espana-continental/ Life expectancy in the different Spanish provinces during the second half of the 18th century

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]]> Life expectancy is a synthetic indicator that measures the average lifespan of a generation. During the 18th century, life expectancy was around 28 years, although other authors have suggested the possibility of 27 or 25 years. Infectious diseases were mainly responsible for the short lifespan, and were a scourge of Spanish villages, towns and cities. In addition, 1796 saw a fundamental event in the fight against infectious diseases: Jenner’s discovery of antivariol vaccination, which was quickly and favourably known. However, the above figures do not reflect Spanish levels. There are strong disparities between the territories, always within the parameters of the Ancien Régime. Similarly, there is a wide area of moderate mortality, consisting of a large part of coastal Spain, with a life expectancy of between 29 and 32 years.

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]]> Infant mortality in Spain (per thousand children born). 18th century in mainland Spain https://historylab.es/infant-mortality-in-spain-per-thousand-children-born-18th-century-in-mainland-spain/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=infant-mortality-in-spain-per-thousand-children-born-18th-century-in-mainland-spain Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:52 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/mortalidad-infantil-en-espana-por-mil-ninos-nacidos-siglo-xviii-en-espana-continental/ Infant mortality in the different Spanish provinces during the 18th century

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]]> Life expectancy is an indicator of the average lifespan of a generation. During the seventeenth century, this was around 28 years, although different authors suggested the possibility of 27 or 25 years. Infectious diseases were responsible for the short lifespan, as they were a scourge for Spanish villages, towns and cities. In addition to this, 1796 saw a fundamental event in the fight against infectious diseases: Jenner’s discovery of antivariol vaccination, which was quickly and favourably known. Infant mortality rates are between 200 and 230 per thousand, with intermediate mortality in regions such as the Balearic Islands, Navarre and Aragon and life expectancy below the Spanish average. The analysis of mortality from the end of the 16th century until the beginning of the demographic transition reveals the existence of trends that favoured the periphery over the interior of the peninsula, becoming more noticeable in the 1860s.

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]]> Nuptiality in mainland Spain estimated from the 1787 census https://historylab.es/nuptiality-in-mainland-spain-estimated-from-the-1787-census/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=nuptiality-in-mainland-spain-estimated-from-the-1787-census Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:52 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/nupcialidad-en-la-espana-continental-estimada-a-partir-del-censo-de-1787/ Estimated nuptiality in Spain from the 1787 census

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]]> The Christian model of marriage and the development of the family constituted a strong common link in European societies. This model was configured as a strongly hierarchical model where the family was the primary institution where the process of culturalisation and socialisation of the child took place. Its importance was reinforced by the fact that it was, from an economic point of view, a unit of consumption. In addition to its sacred and indissoluble character, marriage was assigned stability and rigidity, where the belief system limited women’s actions to the domestic sphere, as they had to take responsibility for the upbringing of their offspring and the care and maintenance of the unit. However, in the northern peninsular area, extensive and polynuclear family aggregates predominated, with an abundance of solitary domestic groups and no family structure. The trunk family in the north and northwest of the Iberian Peninsula was accompanied by patrilocal or matrilocal post-marital residence patterns. The greater presence of the simple family is confirmed in large areas of the peninsular interior, normally associated with hereditary formulas where egalitarian distribution prevailed. In addition to this, Mediterranean Spain is the most difficult to analyse synthetically, although it is a long way from the complex structures found in other areas of Mediterranean Europe. Thus, the Iberian Peninsula, in addition to the complex family and the patrilocal rule, seems to be associated with late marriage -with the exception of Catalonia-. By making it difficult for sons who wished to marry to stay at home, the trunk family invited a certain percentage of men to leave the farm, which is evident in the higher emigration rates in the North and North-West, which increased in the following century. In much of inland Spain and in the south, women married earlier and this was often associated with a strong nuclear predominance. This led to the existence of a system of high demographic pressure with very high levels of fertility and mortality.

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