Barcos - History Lab

Black Trade in Cuba

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

Report at the request of the Council of the Indies on the request of the neighbours of Cuba to supply the provinces of America with blacks.

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Slave licence to Francisco de Esquivel

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de Contratación in Seville, giving licence to Francisco de Esquivel to pass to Hispaniola six black slaves who are two year old Christians.

The post Slave licence to Francisco de Esquivel first appeared on History Lab.

Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de la Contratación to allow Andrés de Duero three black Christian slaves to pass to the Indies.

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de la Contratación to allow Andrés de Duero, resident on the island of Fernandina, three black Christian slaves to pass through to the Indies.

The post Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de la Contratación to allow Andrés de Duero three black Christian slaves to pass to the Indies. first appeared on History Lab.

Royal Decrees on trade and tonnage

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

Royal decree regulating trade in the Philippines. It summarises how it was ordered up to that time and establishes the new orders: the trade between the islands and New Spain is preserved; the merchandise will not exceed a value of 250,000 pesos, and the return of them will not exceed 500,000; only 4 ships of the King of no more than 200 tons are allowed; the crew they must carry and the necessary controls to avoid losses and fraud are regulated, both in Manila and in Acapulco. Printed. Royal Decree of 23rd May 1620 to Alonso Fajardo de Tenza, Governor of the Philippines, ordering him to observe the provisions of the distribution of tons of the ships in the trade of those islands.

The post Royal Decrees on trade and tonnage first appeared on History Lab.

Need for blacks for the mines

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

Letters from the city of Mexico addressed to King Philip IV, communicating various issues relating to the need for blacks and mulattos to work in the mines, the inconveniences suffered by Mexican trade and the consulate, the harm suffered by the farmers as a result of the removal of the repartimientos of Indians and the sale of aguardiente to the Indians.

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Plan of the order of battle of the armies at the Battle of Lepanto

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:58 +0000

The first of the Holy League’s objectives (1571) was to recruit a navy of galleys to confront the Turkish navy. In the end, 206 galleys and 6 galleys (large, heavily armed galleys) under the command of Juan de Austria, Luis de Requesens, Álvaro de Bazán, Gianandrea Doria, Agostino Barbarigo and Marcantonio Colonna were ordered. On 7 October 1571 they were confronted by just over 300 Turkish ships off the coast of Naupactos in the Gulf of Patras. The League’s superiority was due to its cannon (the Turks much preferred to sweep the decks with arrows) and the quality of the Spanish infantry on board. The battle was nothing more than a battle of infantry on ships: the League fought in three blocks: one along the coast, with Venetian galleys commanded by Agostino Barbarigo; one in the centre, commanded directly by John of Austria and Marcantonio Colonna; and one towards the open sea, under the command of Gianandrea Doria. The reserve was commanded by Álvaro de Bazán. In the central clash the Turkish admiralty ship, the Sultana, almost took the League’s admiral, the Royal, but the help of Marcantonio Colonna’s galleys reversed the situation and the Turkish admiralty was taken, annihilating all its crew, including Admiral Ali Paschá.By the end of the day the League had sunk 50 ships, taken about 140, taken 10,000 Turkish prisoners and freed the Turkish prisoners.despite the resounding victory (“the highest occasion that the past centuries have seen, the present nor the future centuries hope to see”, in the words of Miguel de Cervantes – who fought on the galley Marquesa – in the prologue to his Don Quixote) neither the League nor Spain nor Venice knew how to profit from it. Two years later the Turkish navy had completely recovered and Venice ceded Cyprus to the Ottoman Empire.

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Discovery of Terranova and cod fishing by the people of Guipuzcoa

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:51 +0000

The Treaty of Utrecht prohibited Spanish ships from accessing the Terranova fishing grounds. However, for centuries, this area was one of the most common fishing grounds for the Basques. Whaling had an extraordinary presence in the Basque economy. From the 12th to the 15th century, between the months of October and March, Basque whalers hunted whales in the Cantabrian Sea; however, from the 15th century onwards, the cetaceans began to disappear from the Cantabrian coast, so Basque fishermen had to move to Terranova. These expeditions, which lasted up to eight months and in which cod were also fished, were carried out with boats of fifty or so people.

The post Discovery of Terranova and cod fishing by the people of Guipuzcoa first appeared on History Lab.

Corsican Patent granted by Charles III

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:19 +0000

The privateering patent was a document issued by the authorities of a territory to the owners of a ship, giving them permission to attack ships or populations of enemy nations. In this way the owner, who had to have significant economic power to be able to arm a ship, became part of the navy of the issuing country or city. Privateer’s patents were widely used in the Modern Age when nations could not afford their own navies or when they were not large enough. Privateering was, therefore, a legal activity regulated by the Spanish authorities, which was organised on the basis of successive Royal Ordinances. Thanks to privateering, many private individuals made it their way of life, many others amassed fortunes and others carved out a career in the Royal Navy that would otherwise have been more difficult. During the modern period, privateers, always under the obligatory “privateering patent”, acted as a war fleet at the service of the Crown, and were also essential as coastguards, since, in certain territories, such as the Peninsula, it was materially impossible to have a Royal Navy squadron that could protect so many nautical miles of coastline, or that could guard all the maritime routes. The privateer would take advantage of all this, as he would obtain part of the booty, as would the Crown of Spain, which, without investing money, had a war fleet, also obtaining part of the booty.

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Plan and section of slave ship

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:14 +0000

During the Modern Age, the slave trade was commonplace. The Spanish were the first Europeans to use African slaves in the New World on islands such as Cuba, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. The first African slaves would arrive on Hispaniola in 1501. Likewise, the increased Portuguese presence in the Americas also created a strong demand for slave labour in Brazil, mainly for harvesting and mining, and so slave labour economies quickly expanded to the Caribbean and the southern part of what is now the United States, where Dutch traders brought the first African slaves in 1619. As European nations grew more powerful, especially Portugal, Spain, France, Britain and Holland, they began to fight for control of the African slave trade, although soon the British Crown’s naval control of the Atlantic forced other major countries to abandon their ventures. Thus, the Royal African Company held a monopoly over the African slave trade routes until 1712. The Atlantic slave trade reached its peak towards the end of the 18th century, when more slaves were captured in expeditions in the West African interior. These expeditions were usually conducted by African kingdoms against weaker local tribes, so Europeans rarely penetrated the African interior for fear of tropical diseases or African resistance.

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An 18th century ship of the line

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:11 +0000

A 3-minute explanatory video in which we can see what ships of the line were like in the 18th century, through the representation of the HMS Victory, a British ship of the line. It was famous for taking part in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, as Admiral Horatio Nelson’s flagship.

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