Burguesía - History Lab

Prudent conduct and procedure used by Mr. Francisco Ignacio de Alcibar Jaúregui in the revolutions that took place in the town of Azpeitia in November 1718, which was marked by

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The 18th century was marked by numerous social conflicts, with the Esquilache riot being the most important revolt. All the revolts were social, economic and political in nature. The shortage of basic foodstuffs, including bread, and speculation by hoarders were two of the reasons that led the lower social classes to riot against the rulers. In this case, the machinada of 1718, caused by Philip V’s order to place customs on the coast, led to a rise in the price of products entering by sea.

The post Prudent conduct and procedure used by Mr. Francisco Ignacio de Alcibar Jaúregui in the revolutions that took place in the town of Azpeitia in November 1718, which was marked by first appeared on History Lab.

Representation addressed to the King by the Diputación de Guipúzcoa, requesting that the customs offices be returned to where they were

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The post Representation addressed to the King by the Diputación de Guipúzcoa, requesting that the customs offices be returned to where they were first appeared on History Lab.

Royal Decree on the establishment of customs on the coast and the frontier

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The post Royal Decree on the establishment of customs on the coast and the frontier first appeared on History Lab.

Papers relating to the Madrid revolutions of 1766

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The Esquilache riot was the most important social, economic and political revolt of the 18th century (1766). The shortage of basic foodstuffs, including bread, and the speculation of hoarders were two of the reasons that led the lower social classes to riot against the rulers. In the case of the Motín de Esquilache, the revolt ended with the march, via Cartagena, of the Marquis, who had to leave the peninsula in the face of the events and the demands of the lower social classes.

The post Papers relating to the Madrid revolutions of 1766 first appeared on History Lab.

Order declaring as null and void the casualties made by abastos on the occasion of the Madrid uprising

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The post Order declaring as null and void the casualties made by abastos on the occasion of the Madrid uprising first appeared on History Lab.

The money changer and his wife

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:26 +0000

In the new bourgeois societies, women were a fundamental support for their husbands in the task of collecting and accumulating money. They took part in the accounting of their husbands’ businesses and, in many cases, were in demand as accountants by merchant houses, accustomed as they were to the control of account books. Bourgeois women, without forgetting their role as mothers and wives, developed an economic-administrative activity acting on behalf of their husbands, but also when they were widowed or took over the inheritance of a prematurely deceased father. They handled rents and lent money in a historical phase in which money was an instrument for the accumulation of wealth.

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Dressing in the French style according to the occupations of young people in Madrid, 1751-1800

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:36 +0000

During the second half of the 18th century, young people in Madrid showed a change in trends with respect to the professional groups who wore French garments. If at the beginning of the century it was the military, nobles and officers of the Royal Household who most used Gallic clothing, the “fashion” gradually spread to the bourgeois classes linked to education, technical competence, security, doctors and apothecaries. Twenty percent of this group was now above the military, the nobility and the Royal Household (4%, 5% and 6% respectively), as well as clerks, businessmen and those connected with the guilds and crafts. Overall, French-style dress became the fashion throughout the 18th century.

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The post Dressing in the French style according to the occupations of young people in Madrid, 1751-1800 first appeared on History Lab.

Transmission of the patrimonial assets of the León bourgeoisie, 18th and 19th centuries

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:13 +0000

Marriage contributions and the transmission of wealth through inheritance were the two main methods of perpetuating the family in the social group and promoting its promotion if conditions were favourable. This resource deals with the latter aspect: the transmission of the patrimonial assets of bourgeois families in the city of León between the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. The bourgeoisies that the authors deal with are the commercial, administrative and liberal professionals. Together, the distribution of inheritances followed the Castilian system of inheritance; egalitarian. The liberal professional sector reproduced it in this way. However, within the Castilian framework, there was also the possibility of empowering an heir through the tercio de mejora and the quinto de libre disposición. Thus, the administrative bourgeoisie opted for the joint improvement of the third and fifth to one of the scions, leaving the total of the legitimate inheritance at 92.1%. The merchants followed the same trend, but with more attenuated values (95.6% of legitimate shares). In short, the distributions were fairly equitable in quantitative terms, but not in terms of the quality of the inheritance, because although the value tended to be the same, the business and the house went to a single first-born male.

The post Transmission of the patrimonial assets of the León bourgeoisie, 18th and 19th centuries first appeared on History Lab.

Level of wealth of the bourgeoisie of León, 18th-19th centuries

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:13 +0000

During the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, different bourgeoisies developed in the city of León according to their professional specialisation: the commercial, financial, administrative and liberal professions bourgeoisie. The average wealth of all of them was 504,000 reals; 464,000 liquid if we discount debts and liabilities. However, there were large differences between sectors. The 3 families of the financial bourgeoisie, with an average of 893,883 reais, had 8 times more wealth than the bourgeoisie associated with the liberal professions: 116,489 reais on average for 9 families. The margins are completed with an average of 463,980 and 216,669 reais for the commercial and administrative bourgeoisie, respectively. In comparative methodology, the León bourgeoisie had lower values than those of Valencia, Cadiz or Vitoria, due to a less powerful domestic market than the port market.

The post Level of wealth of the bourgeoisie of León, 18th-19th centuries first appeared on History Lab.

Economic reproduction of bourgeois families in León, 18th-19th centuries

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:13 +0000

One of the most effective reproduction strategies of social groups was marriage. A good marriage could mean consolidation within a group, or promotion. The bourgeois families of the city of León were no strangers to the reality of their time. The resource shows the different average contribution of the spouses according to the sector to which they belonged within the bourgeoisie: commercial, financial, administrative or liberal professions. Overall, the average contribution of the spouses exceeded 200,000 reals, reaching 1,462,001 in the case of the financiers. The spouses brought most of their assets to the marriage, except in the case of liberal professionals. These well-matched couples saw their wealth increase not only with the marriage itself, but also with the commercial performance of their businesses. In fact, contributions to the marriage represented an average of 25.8% of their total wealth. Did second marriages follow the same trends? In this case, imbalances were observed in favour of the husband (if the wife was a widow or younger than the husband) or the wife (if the widow had younger children and owned a business).

The post Economic reproduction of bourgeois families in León, 18th-19th centuries first appeared on History Lab.