campesinos - History Lab

Prudent conduct and procedure used by Mr. Francisco Ignacio de Alcibar Jaúregui in the revolutions that took place in the town of Azpeitia in November 1718, which was marked by

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The 18th century was marked by numerous social conflicts, with the Esquilache riot being the most important revolt. All the revolts were social, economic and political in nature. The shortage of basic foodstuffs, including bread, and speculation by hoarders were two of the reasons that led the lower social classes to riot against the rulers. In this case, the machinada of 1718, caused by Philip V’s order to place customs on the coast, led to a rise in the price of products entering by sea.

The post Prudent conduct and procedure used by Mr. Francisco Ignacio de Alcibar Jaúregui in the revolutions that took place in the town of Azpeitia in November 1718, which was marked by first appeared on History Lab.

Representation addressed to the King by the Diputación de Guipúzcoa, requesting that the customs offices be returned to where they were

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The post Representation addressed to the King by the Diputación de Guipúzcoa, requesting that the customs offices be returned to where they were first appeared on History Lab.

Royal Decree on the establishment of customs on the coast and the frontier

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

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Papers relating to the Madrid revolutions of 1766

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The Esquilache riot was the most important social, economic and political revolt of the 18th century (1766). The shortage of basic foodstuffs, including bread, and the speculation of hoarders were two of the reasons that led the lower social classes to riot against the rulers. In the case of the Motín de Esquilache, the revolt ended with the march, via Cartagena, of the Marquis, who had to leave the peninsula in the face of the events and the demands of the lower social classes.

The post Papers relating to the Madrid revolutions of 1766 first appeared on History Lab.

Order declaring as null and void the casualties made by abastos on the occasion of the Madrid uprising

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The post Order declaring as null and void the casualties made by abastos on the occasion of the Madrid uprising first appeared on History Lab.

Jebo or villager from the vicinity of Bilbao

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:31:41 +0000

The following engraved print omits any reference to the draughtsman. The original engraving belongs to the fifth booklet, published between 1779 and 1783. Separate print from: Cruz Cano and Juan de la Olmedilla (1734-1790), depicts the image of a villager or also known as “jebo”, which according to Emiliano de Arriaga’s Lexicon of Bilbao means “villager”, i.e. a stocky young man, with rough manners and forms, but with a noble and honourable background. There is an abundance of soft colours, with red standing out among the more muted tones. The shaded lines also stand out, showing the figure’s pose. The background of the image shows no elements, and the sparse vegetation gives the landscape a certain static character, making the main figure stand out even more.

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Lumberjacks or Winter

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:38 +0000

The scene depicted by Fiammingo in the second half of the 16th century represents one of the typical tasks of the European peasantry of the time. Winter, a season characterised by cold weather, requires wood to be obtained in order to light a fire and keep the family’s outbuildings warm.

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Country tasks or Spring

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:33 +0000

The scene depicted by Fiammingo shows the typical labours of the European peasantry in the second half of the 16th century at a particular time of the year. Various actions can be seen, ranging from gathering and making butter in the foreground, to milking cows for milk in the background, and in the distance, hunting for meat and skins to make coats and grazing. All of this is set in an idealised bucolic environment.

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Mowing and shearing or The Summer

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:33 +0000

Fiammingo’s composition depicts two of the typical scenes of 16th-century European peasantry, reflecting, through a vertical division in the composition, the activities of harvesting and shearing. After the winter and the subsequent spring, the rains have taken effect in the plantations for the subsequent harvesting of foodstuffs with which to subsist during the coming winter. With the same eagerness, the shearers collect the wool that has protected their animals from the cold to shelter them from the harsh climate that awaits them in a few months’ time.

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Market

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:26 +0000

The women were actively involved in the work as saleswomen, as well as in agricultural and livestock tasks and in the transformation of the products generated by the economy. As well as working as poultry, fish or vegetable sellers, they also occupied positions as innkeepers or bakers. The age of the women implied the development of a different activity. The laws, on the other hand, placed limits on the exercise of certain jobs according to age or marital status. This image allows us to approach history from a female perspective, as it makes women visible in areas other than the domestic sphere, carrying out professional activities.

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