Carlos IV - History Lab

The El Escorial Conspiracy as seen by an exiled Jesuit (1808)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

The document deals with the so-called Conspiracy of El Escorial from the point of view of the Jesuit exile. This conspiracy consisted of a plot led by Prince Ferdinand of Bourbon to depose Manuel Godoy. It is suspected that the conspiracy was ultimately intended to remove Charles IV from the throne. The Ferdinand attempts failed on 28 October 1807 when the King ordered Ferdinand’s arrest. How did the Jesuits deal with this attempt? The conspiracy was viewed sympathetically; the diary of the Jesuit Manuel Luengo gives evidence of the thoughts of this group: Ferdinand was a victim of Godoy’s political abuses and was entitled to act.

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Godoy y Álvarez de los Ríos y Sánchez Sarzosa, Manuel de

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

In 1792 Manuel Godoy became the first Secretary of the Office, replacing the Count of Aranda, Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Ximenez de Urrea. Linked to Enlightenment despotism, he was associated with educational and political reformism. During his career, he played a leading role in the struggle against France in the Convention War, with England as an ally, which ended with the Peace of Basel (1795) in which Spain made concessions to France in order to obtain its return.

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Definitive peace treaty concluded between King Charles IV and the French Republic

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

The signing of the Peace of Basel put an end to the conflict between the Spanish monarchy, under the crown of Charles IV, and the French Republic. Through this treaty, Spain recovered its territorial integrity in the face of France’s abandonment, having to cede the Spanish part of the island of Santo Domingo as well as some commercial advantages hitherto in the hands of the Spanish Monarchy. A year later, this confrontation changed completely with the signing of the Pact of San Ildefonso, in which Spain and France allied against England.

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Manual calendar and guide for strangers in Madrid

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:51 +0000

An annual publication founded in 1722 by Luis Félix de Miraval y Spínola, who in the same year obtained the marquisate of Miraval, and Gaspar Ezpeleta, and which until 1734 was entitled Kalendario particular. From 1725 its printer was Juan Sanz, then his heirs, and from 1730, Antonio Sanz, his nephew, who in 1769 ceded the rights to the Spanish Crown in exchange for a lifelong pension. The most complete collection was acquired by the Royal Academy of History, and the one in the possession of the National Library of Spain begins in 1744, stamped with a privilege held by Antonio Sanz, printer to the King and his council. The title page states that it contains the births of the kings, queens, the seventy members of the Sacred College of Cardinals, the princes of Europe, the ministers who make up His Majesty’s courts in their kingdoms, with an indication of their private residences in Madrid. In short, it is a very complete guide to the State Administration of the ancien régime, with an indication of its executive and consultative bodies (royal councils, boards), scientific and academic institutions and other bodies and entities that the Spanish monarchy created throughout the eighteenth century (including the Royal Public Library itself), the book includes the names of the archbishops and bishops of Spain and the Indies, the composition of the courts (chancillerías and audiencias), the list of kingdoms and provinces and partidos, with the names of their governors, intendants and corregidores. It begins with the Gregorian calendar, with the saints’ calendar for each day and astronomical data, and also contains the 40-hour jubilee, as well as statistical data on marriages, births and deaths in the parishes of Madrid, and a summary of the sick in their hospitals. There is also another section on the days on which the court dresses up or the days on which the mails come and leave the General Post Office of Castile in this court, or the list of the Knights of the Golden Fleece. It will also include the values of Spanish coins and their exchange values with the most important coins in Europe. From 1768 it will be accompanied by the Estado militar de España, with its own title page, with the names of the captains and lieutenant generals of His Majesty’s Army, field marshals, brigadiers and naval officers, etc. In the 1767 edition he began to include engravings, such as those of Charles III, the Princes of Asturias and the one of the Palace of Aranjuez, and later those of Charles IV and Queen Maria Luisa, before including those of Ferdinand VII and his daughter, the young Queen Isabella II, in the 19th century. He would also print a dozen maps of Spain and plans by Tomás López and his sons. In 1774, it left the Royal Printing House of the Gazette, and included the lists of knights of Charles III, professors of the Royal Studies, ambassadors and consuls and vice-consuls of the King abroad, the chronology of the kings of Spain and the calendar of the main fairs. In 1790 it already included an index, at the end or at the beginning, and in the 19th century, the lists of the Royal Order of Noble Ladies, the economic societies and the Royal Seminary of Nobles. Its volume increased over the years, from a hundred to over four hundred pages. During the invasion of the Napoleonic army, the kalendario did not appear in 1809 or 1810, and in 1811 it left the printing house of Miguel Segovia, printer to the Royal Navy, from the Royal Island of León in Cadiz, produced by two of the editors who were in charge of the main guides for foreigners, litigants, commerce and finance, and war and the navy in Madrid, and entitled Guía patriótica de España (Patriotic Guide to Spain). It includes an introduction narrating the difficulties encountered in producing it and will consist of two parts. The first part will give an account of the legitimate government, its courts and military state, and the second of the corps and officers of the armies resident in Cadiz, as well as the list of deputies of the Cortes, accompanied by an article. Those of 1812 and 1813 were entitled Guía política de las España, and were also printed in Cádiz, the first in the office of the widow of Comes, and the second in the Imprenta Nacional. In this case it is written by a single editor, and includes patriotic ephemeris of the main events that have been taking place during the war against the French armies, and introductory articles to the list of the legislative body, list of deputies and of the court and secretariat of State of Cortes, executive power, supreme council of Regency, Council of State, ambassadors and commanders of the armies. The 1813 edition will include an addendum entitled Exércitos nacionales. On the return of Ferdinand VII, it returned to its previous title and to practically the same contents as it had published during the old regime, until during the liberal triennium, when it again changed its title and some of its contents, once again including the list of deputies to the Cortes and the new administrative institutions that the incipient liberal State was beginning to create. In 1821 it was entitled Guía de forasteros en Madrid, and in 1822 and 1823 Guía política y militar, printed at the Imprenta Nacional, formerly the Imprenta Real. For its part, the Estado militar de España, which had been published together with the kalendario, in 1821, 1822 and 1823 was entitled Estado de los ejércitos de la monarquía española (State of the Armies of the Spanish Monarchy). The calendar for 1825 is also interesting because the “purified” did not appear in the lists. This publication would continue to be published until 1837, when it was replaced by the Guía de forasteros en Madrid, which included engravings of the queen governor Maria Cristina and her daughter, Isabel II, and gave an account of the new organisation that the liberal state was creating to replace that of the old regime, the kalendario is therefore a basic source of information for understanding both the evolution of the state structure and the holders of its numerous organs and institutions, from the absolutist and enlightened monarchy of the eighteenth century to the first decades of the construction of the liberal state, with its two most influential episodes, the constituent Cortes of Cadiz and its epigone of the triennium.

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Royal decree granting the five major guilds of Madrid exclusive privilege to transport to Spain from Morocco

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:51 +0000

Royal Decree granting the five major guilds of Madrid the exclusive privilege for 8 years to transport grain and other fruits produced in Morocco to Spain from the ports of Morocco

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Modern Elementary Atlas or Collection of Maps for Teaching Children Geography with an Idea of the Sphere, by Don Tomas Lopez, Geographer of the S.M domains

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:37 +0000

Printed work comprising Tomás López’s universal atlas composed of 27 maps of the four continents (Europe, Africa, Asia and America). Maps in colour (except for the first two plates) and numbered (1-27) on the corresponding pages (21 cm).

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Geographical Atlas of the Kingdom of Spain, and Adjacent Islands. With a brief description of its Provinces. Arranged, for public utility, by D. Thomás Lopez, Pensioner of S.M. at the Court of Paris

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:37 +0000

Printed work comprising the geographical atlas of Spain that Tomás López published for the first time in 1757. The work contains 27 engraved plates, 25 of which are maps and plans of Spain (18) and Portugal (7). Each map sheet contains a short description of the territory illustrated

The post Geographical Atlas of the Kingdom of Spain, and Adjacent Islands. With a brief description of its Provinces. Arranged, for public utility, by D. Thomás Lopez, Pensioner of S.M. at the Court of Paris first appeared on History Lab.

Geographical atlas of Spain, which includes the General Map of the Kingdom, and the Particulars of Its Provinces, by D. Tomás Lopez, Geographer who was of the domains of S.M., of various academies and societies

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:37 +0000

Printed work comprising the geographical atlas of Spain that Tomás López’s sons published in his name in 1804. The work contains 38 maps, 37 of Spain and one more of Portugal, where some of the previous ones appear divided in several sheets.

The post Geographical atlas of Spain, which includes the General Map of the Kingdom, and the Particulars of Its Provinces, by D. Tomás Lopez, Geographer who was of the domains of S.M., of various academies and societies first appeared on History Lab.

General map of Spain, by Tomás López

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:37 +0000

It includes the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, as well as the north coast of Africa. Numerous towns, not only cities, are represented with their place names, as well as the most important mountain systems and rivers of the Iberian Peninsula. Published in Madrid in 1804

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Francisco de Saavedra attributed to Goya

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:25 +0000

Francisco de Saavedra was an enlightened Sevillian who, after dedicating his life to a military career, reached the Court as a minister of Charles IV during a serious social situation that he tried to resolve through some of the institutions in Granada that he had come to know during his academic training at the Colegio del Sacro Monte. This is precisely where the work attributed to Francisco de Goya is kept, as when Francisco de Saavedra was appointed Minister of Finance in 1797 he immediately informed the College, which was great news.
So much so that on 12 December 1797 the rector himself ordered that he be congratulated and commissioned a painting to celebrate the appointment, to perpetuate his figure in order to motivate the rest of the students and as a source of propaganda for this Granada institution. It is a full-length representation of Saavedra, seated in a chair and dressed in the costume of a captain general.

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