Cólera - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 15:07:41 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Cólera - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Choleric Mortality in Andalusia, 1833-35 https://historylab.es/choleric-mortality-in-andalusia-1833-35/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=choleric-mortality-in-andalusia-1833-35 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:41 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/mortalidad-colerica-en-andalucia-1833-35/ Evolution of choleric mortality in different regions of Andalusia from 1833 to 1835

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]]> The first Asian cholera pandemic entered the Iberian Peninsula in 1833 via Portugal. In Andalusia, cholera persisted for 16 months, between August 1833 and January 1835. The traditional account of the epidemic, which limited the presence of cholera to western Andalusia in 1833, blamed the exacerbation in the summer of 1834 on the march of an army corps from Portugal. The epidemic spread during the autumn of 1833 from the western provinces to the eastern provinces by means of maritime traffic. The prolonged presence of the disease occurred in the midst of a complicated political situation: the reform of the absolutist regime after the death of Ferdinand VII and the beginning of the first Carlist war. In Andalusia, the first barriers – sea and land – were applied between 18 and 24 August 1831 in response to the news that Gibraltar was suffering from a suspicious disease, leading to the closure of the border with the Portuguese country in February 1833. The upsurge of the pandemic led to the second “cordon sanitaire” formed by troops, until it was lifted in August. Preventive policy, however, moved away from quarantines and cordons to focus on urban sanitation measures and aid for the sick. The majority of the series of sick and dead cases, with modifications, meet the typical conditions of Holomantic outbreaks: a rapid rise in the number of cases, a more prolonged maintenance of an uneven pattern, and a somewhat slower decline. The persistence of the disease in parts of eastern Andalusia during the winter and spring of 1834 gave the presentation of this choleric epidemic its peculiar west-east-west development. In western points, such as Cadiz and Seville, the epidemic occurred on two occasions, but sufficiently separated in time and with no evidence of this insidious interregnum.

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]]> Deaths in the parishes of Salamanca during the cholera epidemics of 1834, 1855 and 1885 https://historylab.es/deaths-in-the-parishes-of-salamanca-during-the-cholera-epidemics-of-1834-1855-and-1885/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=deaths-in-the-parishes-of-salamanca-during-the-cholera-epidemics-of-1834-1855-and-1885 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:46 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/defunciones-en-las-parroquias-de-salamanca-durante-las-epidemias-colericas-de-1834-1855-y-1885/ Study of deaths in different parishes in Salamanca during the cholera epidemics that devastated the city in 1834, 1855 and 1885

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]]> During the 19th century, cholera was the pandemic par excellence. In the specific case of Salamanca, it caused three major mortality crises in 1834, 1855 and 1885. Due to their disruptive effects on the course of life, cholera epidemics had a great impact on the societies of the time. This disease is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which we now know is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated water or food. The development of mortality in Salamanca is summarised in this graph, where parish deaths show an upward trend linked to population growth. The main peaks of the three cholera epidemics of 1834, 1855 and 1885-86 are striking, where a significant proportion of the deaths, 35% on average, were not recorded in the parishes. However, the first two epidemics were much more intense, about 8 on the Dupâquier scale, and with a Del Panta and Livi-Bacci index implying more than twice as many deaths as expected. In comparison, the 1885 epidemic is less intense, with an excess mortality of 56% and a Dupâquier index below 3. Thus, the absolute excess mortality would be at its highest in 1855, over 700 deaths, compared to around 600 in 1834 and around 400 in 1885.

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