Conflictividad - History Lab

First Bourbon Court of Catalonia (1716)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

After the War of the Spanish Succession, the Spanish internal order underwent changes aimed at establishing a centralised administration. The territorial privileges and privileges were left behind in much of the Peninsula and the defeated were removed from administrative responsibilities. The document is a reflection of this fact: on 15 April 1716 the Audiencia de Cataluña (replacing the Junta de Gobierno) was set up. The Council of Castile decided that both the Public Prosecutors and the Regent had to be Castilian, as did many of the Oidores. On the other hand, the Alcalde del Crimen would have to be Catalonian because of the work involved in their field. In total, of the 18 Ministros Togados of the Audiencia, 7 were Catalan, 8 Castilian, 2 Aragonese and 1 unspecified.

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Increase of bakers to prevent a riot in Palencia (1766)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

In the second half of the 18th century, the price of bread increased in many Spanish cities. The unrest among the population meant that the authorities tried to take measures to avoid riots. In Palencia, we know that in 1766, the corregidor José Firmat informed the Count of Aranda (president of the Council) of the increase in the number of bakers with ovens paid for by the Town Council in order to avoid riots. The date of the document, 22 April, only foretold the riot that took place a day later in the city, where gangs of young men asked for a reduction in the price of foodstuffs, which was immediately granted by the mayor.

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Pasquines threatening the Governor of Cartagena over the price of bread (1766)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000

The increase in prices in Cartagena in the middle of the 18th century provoked unrest among the population. Some people sent a letter to the Governor of the city asking him to reduce the price of foodstuffs, on pain of being “burnt and fried in boiling oil”. The document then continues with the news that the following day bread was sold for eight quarters, made of water and flour; there would be enough for everyone.

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Urban Enclaves and Public Disorder in the Kingdom of Navarre (1553-1786)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:25 +0000

The distribution of the urban world in the kingdom of Navarre between 1553 and 1786 shows a predominance in the southern part of the kingdom. The censuses of the aforementioned dates bear witness to this. The 13 towns were: Pamplona, located in the centre, the first link in a chain that descends southwards through Puente la Reina, Estella, Sangüesa, Larraga, Tafalla, Miranda de Arga, Falces, Peralta, Villafranca, Tudela, Corella and Cascante. The author of the appeal analyses it in terms of conflict through public disorder. As he points out, the primary sources reveal a logical result: the existence of more disorder in those urban centres with larger populations. A total of 800 processes of all kinds which, although they occurred with greater frequency and intensity, rural areas were not exempt from them.

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The brawl at the Gallo’s inn

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:19 +0000

This work is a sketch of the tapestry cartoon entitled “Brawl at the Venta Nueva” which belongs to Goya’s second series of cartoons. The subjects depicted are of a festive nature, reflecting scenes from everyday life. The master from Zaragoza depicts a dispute between muleteers and carriage drivers at the door of the inn due to the bets on the card game that appear on the table. The scene, which is extremely violent, expresses the irrational and aggressive behaviour of human beings when money is involved. Goya has taken great care with the attitudes and gestures of the figures, indicating the role of each character, as, for example, the costumes reveal their origin or condition (the Murcian with his back turned or the Andalusian calesero), demonstrating the artist’s interest in a rigorous analysis of reality

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The squabble at the new sale

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:19 +0000

Tapestry cartoon depicting a brawl in front of what Goya defines as Venta Nueva. Although its walls are cracked and the cross that crowns it is tilted to one side, with a certain irony it provides a metaphorical sense of the timelessness of human violence. The inn is located at a crossroads, where a variety of characters gather, carriage drivers and muleteers whose attire reveals that they come from different parts of Spain. The golds and clubs thrown on the table indicate the motif of the fight in which the protagonists use all possible weapons (stones, sticks, knives and even a pistol). The theme of the work is reminiscent of similar compositions typical of the genre scenes of the Flemish and Dutch tradition used in the manufacture of tapestries since the 17th century. However, Goya conceived his composition with the grandeur of Italian classicism, and some of the figures and groups are even derived from classical sculpture.

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Evolution of the unrest in the kingdom of Navarre (1512-1808)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:56 +0000

The society of the Ancien Régime was not exempt from conflict. The resource shows the evolution of collective violence in the kingdom of Navarre during the modern period. To do this, the author uses the lawsuits detected in the General Archive of Navarre and the Diocesan Archive of Pamplona to quantify them. The 800 lawsuits were distributed between 1512 and 1808, with the highest incidence occurring between 1576 and 1590. From that time onwards, the number of conflicts decreased and these were peaceful years for the inhabitants of the urban world of Navarre, which was where most unrest broke out. Community stability was broken at the time of the breakdown of the Ancien Régime: from 1771 to 1800, lawsuits, both in the civil and ecclesiastical courts, increased to the levels of the late 17th century, with the difference that incidents were more widespread in those years. According to the records, the majority of the offending protagonists were youths (48%), and the setting, with 52%, was the public street. It was common for the victims to be local authorities (43%) and other young people (20%). Of those convicted in the civil courts, the most common penalty was banishment (49%), while the ecclesiastical court opted for pecuniary penalties, i.e. the payment of a fine (40% of cases).

The post Evolution of the unrest in the kingdom of Navarre (1512-1808) first appeared on History Lab.

Weekly and hourly distribution of unrest in the kingdom of Navarre (1512-1808)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:56 +0000

The study of conflict in the kingdom of Navarre during the Modern Age offers interesting insights into the days of the week and the times when disturbances took place. As can be seen in the resource, low-intensity disorder, most of which was carried out by young people (48%) in the public streets, took place on public holidays (35%) and at night (51%), as can be seen in the resource. After public holidays, Sundays (22%), Tuesdays (13%) and Mondays (9%) were the most conflictive days. In terms of time of day, after the evening phase, the morning phase was followed by the morning (23%), with evenings (16%) and early mornings (10%) being the least preferred times for altercations. It is not surprising that the perpetrators chose the night, the rest of the neighbourhood and the lack of control by the authorities to carry out their disturbances and brawls. The monthly distribution of the disturbances is undoubtedly more curious. Indeed, the months of February, April, May, August and September show the highest values. The author identifies the causes: in February, carnivals, in April and May, processions and pilgrimages, while in August and September, local festivities provided the framework for unrest.

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Places and causes of public disorder in the Kingdom of Navarre (1512-1808)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:56 +0000

The main protagonist of the conflict in the kingdom of Navarre during the modern period was the youth. The author of the resource analyses 800 lawsuits that took place between 1512 and 1808 in the civil and ecclesiastical courts of this territory. Young people accounted for 48% of those causing public disorder, followed by the clergy (14%), professionals (12%) and women and farmers and stockbreeders (both with 8%). The promoters of the conflicts targeted local authorities (43%), other youths and women (20% and 10% respectively). Where were the disturbances committed? The resource shows that the predominant place of the perpetrators was the street (52%). This was followed by the public square with 21% of the total number of quarrels. Less frequent was the incidence of disorder in sacred spaces (9%), with the most intense months being the months of processions and pilgrimages: April and May.

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Civil and ecclesiastical sentences for public disorders in the kingdom of Navarre (1512-1808)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:56 +0000

The modern age was no stranger to social conflicts. The author systematises 800 lawsuits of civil and ecclesiastical justice in the kingdom of Navarre from 1512 to 1808. Most of the offenders were young men (48%) and the victims were usually the local authorities (43%). Although the offences were no more than minor incidents, the courts of justice deployed a large number of punishments and few acquittals (7%). As the author notes, the civil and ecclesiastical courts opted for different sentences, both in their categories and in their degree of implementation. Starting with the civil court, 49% of the offenders were banished, while 22% were sentenced to a pecuniary sanction. 7% of the sentences were imposed with a pecuniary sanction. Seven percent of the sentences imposed the payment of court costs, and only 5% were sentenced to imprisonment. The remaining sanctions were divided between those who were forced to serve in the army (4%), to serve in the galleys (3%), and death sentences and public vengeance (1% for both cases). On the other hand, the ecclesiastical courts were more lenient in their penalties. Thus, the first group of penalties included the payment of a financial fine (40%). Banishment, favoured in the ordinary courts, did not exceed 10% of the total. Reprimands and imprisonment completed the sanctions with 30% and 20% respectively.

The post Civil and ecclesiastical sentences for public disorders in the kingdom of Navarre (1512-1808) first appeared on History Lab.