Edad - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 15:15:34 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Edad - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 The age of marriage of women in 18th century Spain. A regional overview https://historylab.es/the-age-of-marriage-of-women-in-18th-century-spain-a-regional-overview/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-age-of-marriage-of-women-in-18th-century-spain-a-regional-overview Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:36 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/la-edad-del-matrimonio-de-las-mujeres-en-la-espana-del-siglo-xviii-una-panoramica-regional/ Balance of the age of entry into marriage in the different regions of Spain showing a clear contrast between the north and the south

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]]> In 18th century Spain, women married on average at the age of 23 and men at the age of 25, as corroborated by the Floridablanca Census of 1787. These ages are lower than in Europe, where it was common for women to marry between 25 and 28 and men between 27 and 30. Even so, however, there was a tendency for first marriages to be later than in previous centuries. This trend, however, was not uniform, but seems to have followed a south/north-northwest upward direction, which confirms the existence of an unequal regional reality that we cannot fail to point out. According to Pérez Moreda (1988), in 1787 the first marriages of women in Extremadura were at 21.9 years of age, those in Andalusia at 22.3; those in Valencia at 22.7; those in Castilla La Nueva at 23.4; Castilla la Vieja, 23.7; León, 24.2; Galicia 25.3 and the Basque Country 26.1. Uneven behaviour for which it is not easy to find unicausal explanations. Rather, it is necessary to take into account a variety of factors that to a greater or lesser extent influence marital behaviour: living conditions, work possibilities, economic opportunities, the existence of complementary activities and levels of pluriactivity, the weight of migratory movements, the form of access to resources -and especially to the exploitation of land-, inheritance law, custom, inheritance practices, cultural aspects linked to the medieval past, the logic of family systems, social differences, marital strategies and other mechanisms of social reproduction.

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]]> Female widowhood in the Kingdom of Granada in 1787 according to the Floridablanca Census. Data in % https://historylab.es/female-widowhood-in-the-kingdom-of-granada-in-1787-according-to-the-floridablanca-census-data-in/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=female-widowhood-in-the-kingdom-of-granada-in-1787-according-to-the-floridablanca-census-data-in Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:36 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/la-viudedad-femenina-en-el-reino-de-granada-en-1787-segun-el-censo-de-floridablanca-datos-en/ Map of widowhood Floridablanca Census

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]]> This map shows the percentages of female widowhood in the kingdom of Granada at the end of the 18th century using as a basis the information from the Floridablanca Census (1787). This census is considered to be one of the most complete of the Enlightenment, as the information it collects is structured on the basis of knowledge of the population by means of the following questions: according to type of accommodation and sex; classification by marital status, age and sex; classification by occupation; number of charitable and health centres; and religious communities. As can be seen from the map, the differences between the different regions stand out, where the figure barely exceeds 8% in towns belonging to Almeria, while values close to 15% are reached in areas of Malaga. Thus, the data shown indicate the greater weight of widowed women in the Malaga region. Undoubtedly, there are several factors that influence this issue, among them the greater or lesser access to remarriage, as well as the incidence of high male immigration caused mainly by the enrolment at sea.

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]]> Servants and the average age of women at marriage in the Crown of Castile in 1787 https://historylab.es/servants-and-the-average-age-of-women-at-marriage-in-the-crown-of-castile-in-1787/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=servants-and-the-average-age-of-women-at-marriage-in-the-crown-of-castile-in-1787 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:36 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/criados-y-edad-media-de-la-mujer-al-matrimonio-en-la-corona-de-castilla-en-1787/ Contrasts between North and South Castilian between the number of servants and the age at which women enter into marriage

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]]> The graph shows that among men there was no direct connection between access to marriage and the abandonment of servant work. The three provinces with the highest number of servants (Madrid without the capital, Toledo and Albacete) show how the age of access to marriage is among the lowest in Castile, only surpassed by Ciudad Real, Extremadura, Andalusia and Murcia. The latter had the lowest percentage of servants; a fact that put it in line with the central and northern regions of the peninsula. Of all of them, Galicia, Asturias, León and Burgos stood out for having few servants and a high rate of marriage access (over 24 years of age). The demography, socio-economic structure and life cycles are reflected and differentiated geographically in this graph.

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]]> Deaths in the city of Granada between 1647 and 1648 https://historylab.es/deaths-in-the-city-of-granada-between-1647-and-1648/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=deaths-in-the-city-of-granada-between-1647-and-1648 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:36 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/defunciones-en-la-ciudad-de-granada-entre-1647-y-1648/ Distribution of annual deaths showing peak mortality due to epidemics

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]]> Epidemics were a constant throughout the Modern Age, decimating the number of inhabitants. The graph shows the evolution of mortality in the city of Granada in two years: 1647 and 1648. In the context of the typhus that struck the city, mortality was stable during the first year, but from June onwards it increased considerably until September, when it remained almost constant until November and December. At the beginning of 1648, the first months are more benign; however, from June onwards, it increases again until its peak in September where, unlike the previous year, it drops considerably until December. Analysis of the data reveals the seasonality of deaths in Granada: the summer months. By age group, adults suffer the most from this phenomenon, followed by children and, finally, young people. Apart from the extraordinary epidemiological effects, the mortality rate is in line with that of the old demographic regime.

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]]> Age of children in the household in Albacete (1787) https://historylab.es/age-of-children-in-the-household-in-albacete-1787/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=age-of-children-in-the-household-in-albacete-1787 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:31 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/edad-de-los-hijos-en-el-hogar-en-albacete-1787/ Life cycle of Albacete's children by sex and economic status

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]]> The number of children in the household varies with their age. Unsurprisingly, those under 18 dominate the data with a total of 2,431: 8 out of 10. Between the ages of 18 and 35 the figure drops sharply to 630 (2 out of 10). Finally, those over 35 account for 1% of the total (37 children). The data confirm the age-split structures that are configured with the life cycle of individuals. The greater the economic and legal dependency, the higher the rate of residence in the family home; on the contrary, when a marital bond is created, people leave home to form a new residential nucleus. Within these dynamics, variables can be differentiated according to the sex of the child. Thus, while men leave home more frequently, female guardianship was framed first under paternal parental authority and then with the husband. Consequently, the higher rate of celibacy among women meant that they were slower to leave the family home. If this happens at an advanced age, we find the contrast in the younger age of women, whose marriage age is lower than that of men (in proportion, they married less, but they married earlier), favouring the departure of women from the home.

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]]> Life cycle and peasantry in the Sierra de Alcaraz (1753) https://historylab.es/ciclo-vital-y-campesinado-en-la-sierra-de-alcaraz-1753/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=ciclo-vital-y-campesinado-en-la-sierra-de-alcaraz-1753 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:31 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/ciclo-vital-y-campesinado-en-la-sierra-de-alcaraz-1753/ Mobility and social reproduction of farmers and labourers according to their life cycle in the Sierra de Alcaraz (Albacete)

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]]> One of the most characteristic groups due to their mobility and social reproduction during the Modern Age were the labour and livestock labourers. The large number of this profession, together with that of labourer and farm labourer, marked the labour activities for young people up to 35 years of age in the Sierra de Alcaraz, a study area in central-southern Spain. Why did it increase so much up to that age? These activities were a good way to enter the world of work. Of the three dominant professional groups, from the age of 35 onwards, it was the young men who abandoned their work the most to seek another livelihood, normally sponsored by the clientele networks they had acquired in their old trade, while the day labourers and farm labourers remained relatively stable until the age of 45. This structure is influenced by the life cycles of the protagonists; the departure from the family nucleus, where many of the young men’s own tasks were carried out, led them to seek another form of independent life.

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]]> Long-term legitimate fertility rates in the Lower Minho (Pontevedra). Ages of women (thousand women). Before 1750. Age groups; Legitimate Fertility-Theoretical Descent https://historylab.es/long-term-legitimate-fertility-rates-in-the-lower-minho-pontevedra-ages-of-women-thousand-women-before-1750-age-groups-legitimate-fertility-theoretical-descent/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=long-term-legitimate-fertility-rates-in-the-lower-minho-pontevedra-ages-of-women-thousand-women-before-1750-age-groups-legitimate-fertility-theoretical-descent Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:52 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/tasas-de-fecundidad-legitima-en-la-larga-duracion-en-el-bajo-mino-pontevedra-edades-de-la-mujer-mil-mujeres-antes-de-1750-grupos-de-edad-fecundidad-legitima-descendencia-teorica/ Legitimate fertility rates from 1700 to 1979 by women's ages

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]]> The pace of life of European populations seems to require more and more than a demographic micro-analysis, a new approach to traditional space, more prolonged towards the contemporary age. The lower Minho (Pontevedra) is one of the most industrialised areas of the country, where, in addition, the control of late births is presented as a privileged laboratory for the study of a complex problem of human reproduction. Michael W. Flinn, in a synthesis work of 1981, did not respect legitimate fertility as a privileged indicator of legitimate fertility rates by age groups of women. He distinguishes three periods: one before 1750, one from 1740 to 1790 and one from 1780 to 1820. The table shows that the pressure on fertility before 1750 is greater in France than in the other two countries, particularly in relation to England. However, Michael Anderson, in a paper published in 1988, presents research on the timing of marital fertility for the selected regions. Germany, England and France, which are divided in the table into four zones: north-west, north-east, south-west and south-east. As can be seen, in the three cases considered, before the middle of the 19th century, a decrease in the birth rate can be observed in France.

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]]> Distribution of servants according to age in some towns in the province of Albacete in the mid-18th century https://historylab.es/distribution-of-servants-according-to-age-in-some-towns-in-the-province-of-albacete-in-the-mid-18th-century/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=distribution-of-servants-according-to-age-in-some-towns-in-the-province-of-albacete-in-the-mid-18th-century Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:33 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/distribucion-de-los-criados-segun-su-edad-en-algunas-poblaciones-de-la-provincia-de-albacete-a-mediados-del-siglo-xviii/ Age bracket of the servants: their number, job specialisation and salary in some areas of Albacete

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]]> Within the province of Albacete, the majority of servants and servants were young (up to 25 years of age). After that age, their number decreased, although it was equally important (42.1% of the total). These data acquire significance if we take into account their life cycle. The Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada for the town of Villarrobledo shows that of the 368 whose marital status is known, there were no married women; among the men, 31.5% were already married and 5% were widowed. Returning to age, the internal hierarchisation of work was related to the length of experience in the work performed: age. Thus, the work of young servants was secondary or subordinate; likewise, the pay was lower.

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