exportación - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 14:55:09 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg exportación - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Britain’s trade with its West Indian colonies and Latin America (in thousands of pounds) in the 18th century https://historylab.es/britains-trade-with-its-west-indian-colonies-and-latin-america-in-thousands-of-pounds-in-the-18th-century/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=britains-trade-with-its-west-indian-colonies-and-latin-america-in-thousands-of-pounds-in-the-18th-century Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:02 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/comercio-de-gran-bretana-con-sus-colonias-antillanas-y-america-latina-en-miles-de-libras-durante-el-siglo-xviii/ Import and export ratios between British trade and its colonies in the 18th century

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]]> In the project of reconstructing Spanish foreign trade in the 18th and 19th centuries, one of the avenues to be explored is that provided by the foreign trade series of those countries linked to Spain. In this sense, Spanish-British trade leads to the study of centre-periphery relations in Europe, before, during and after the British Industrial Revolution. During the 18th century, British trade with Spanish America was considered illegal by the Spanish authorities despite the fact that it was carried out through Spain (from 1717-1778) exclusively via Cadiz or previously via Seville or from the British West Indies and Brazil. Between 1713 and 1739, illegal trade also took place under the cover of the asiento de negros, as well as commercial contacts via the South Sea Company’s ship of leave. The search for markets outside Europe led Britain to turn its attention to Latin America, as features of Anglo-Spanish-American trade existed prior to the formal break between the Spanish colonies and the Spanish mainland. However, several reasons have been put forward that could explain the process of British substitution of trade with Latin America through Spain by direct traffic: the protectionist policy of Charles III may have had a dissuasive effect on British traders; the high opportunity cost represented in England at the end of the 18th century by the immobilisation of capital; the reduction in the cost of maritime transport from Britain to the West Indies or the establishment of free ports in 1766, whose purpose was to legitimise and promote trade between the British West Indies and the colonies of other countries, especially those of Spain. Until the beginning of direct traffic between the British Isles and Latin America in the early years of the 19th century, British exports to its West Indies colonies increased fivefold in twenty years, while imports tripled. Data for Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica and the Bahamas between 1788-1795 show an annual average of 486 ships carrying 16,252 long tons for imports from the Spanish colonies and 481 ships carrying 14,339 tons for exports.

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]]> Contemporary estimates of re-exports of British goods to Spanish America via Spain during the 18th century (in thousands of pounds) https://historylab.es/contemporary-estimates-of-re-exports-of-british-goods-to-spanish-america-via-spain-during-the-18th-century-in-thousands-of-pounds/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=contemporary-estimates-of-re-exports-of-british-goods-to-spanish-america-via-spain-during-the-18th-century-in-thousands-of-pounds Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:02 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/estimaciones-contemporaneas-de-las-reexportaciones-de-productos-britanicos-a-hispanoamerica-a-traves-de-espana-durante-el-siglo-xviii-en-miles-de-libra/ Re-export of foreign goods during the 18th century between Spain and England

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]]> In the project of reconstructing Spanish foreign trade in the 18th and 19th centuries, one of the avenues to be explored is that provided by the foreign trade series of those countries linked to Spain. In this sense, Spanish-British trade leads to the study of centre-periphery relations in Europe, before, during and after the English Industrial Revolution. From the point of view of this study, the transit trade of products from the Spanish colonies destined for Britain, or of British products for the Spanish-American markets, is of interest only insofar as it affects the balance of services, as profits obtained by Spaniards when transporting and trading these goods. In the case of exports to Britain, exports of national goods must be distinguished from re-exports of colonial products, as they were different goods. The available information disaggregated by product covers about 90% of the total value exported and, in order to obtain total figures for exports and re-exports. For imports, the situation is more complex, since re-exports are goods of the same type as those retained for domestic consumption. However, no contemporary estimate has been found for the late 18th century. An estimate for that period would allow us to test the hypothesis of a shift in British trade with Spanish America via the Peninsula during most of the seventeenth century. Spanish trade statistics for 1792 allow us to estimate the re-exports of foreign products to the American colonies.

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]]> Spanish-British trade, percentage of re-exports as a proportion of total imports in the 18th century https://historylab.es/spanish-british-trade-percentage-of-re-exports-as-a-proportion-of-total-imports-in-the-18th-century/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=spanish-british-trade-percentage-of-re-exports-as-a-proportion-of-total-imports-in-the-18th-century Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:02 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/comercio-hispano-britanico-porcentajes-de-las-reexportaciones-sobre-la-importacion-de-totales-en-el-siglo-xviii/ Percentages of trade between Spain and the United Kingdom in the 18th century

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]]> In the project of reconstructing Spanish foreign trade in the 18th and 19th centuries, one of the avenues to be explored is that provided by the foreign trade series of those countries linked to Spain. In this sense, Spanish-British trade leads to the study of centre-periphery relations in Europe, before, during and after the English Industrial Revolution. In order to obtain an annual series of Spanish imports from Britain for domestic consumption, the percentages of re-exports over different periods have been highlighted. Between the years 1714-1755, the average of 1738 and 1794; for 1756-1779, the average of 1761 and 1771, and for 1783-1814, the percentage of 1792. Between 1815-1823, which preceded the definitive independence of the Spanish colonies in the Americas, re-exports were shown to fall as Britain’s direct trade with Latin America grew considerably, arbitrarily adopting a percentage of 10% of total imports from Britain.

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