expulsión - History Lab

Book of actual provisions of the city of Alicante, 1609

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:46 +0000

This proclamation was the result of a crossroads of ideas, opinions and opinions between the monarch and his councils, and as a result a series of proclamations were issued in the absence of the organisation required for the expulsion of the Moors. Once the initiative to expel this peninsular population had been decreed, debates arose over the implications of this undertaking. The clergy insisted that the children of the Moors should stay to prevent them from suffering the same sinful fate as their parents. On this initiative, the ages at which these minors should stay were debated. One of the proposed plans was the transfer of these children of Moriscos to the interior of the peninsula, where Castilian families would have to take care of them. The aim was not only to remove them from a coastal area characterised by the danger posed by the Berber ships, but also to encourage their dispersion and the forgetting of their former confessional status. In the end, however, such initiatives fell by the wayside, and the children of Moriscos seem to have remained in their respective places. Their legal status oscillated according to circumstances, from slavery to an acceptable upbringing. Since then, according to Mario Martínez Gomis, they have been lost track of, with the exception of a few who, at certain junctures, made reference to their confessional past as a way of highlighting any impurities in their lineage.

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Correspondence sent by the Duke of Lerma to the Aragonese Council in 1609

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:35 +0000

The expulsion of the Moors from Spain was an operation designed more for political purposes than with the consequences of this titanic operation in mind. The signing of a humiliating truce with the United Provinces forced the monarchy to save face, the Moorish question being a propitious opportunity. It seemed at last that the monarch was aware of the potential danger of this population (despite the fact that the Ottomans no longer had any appetite for the western Mediterranean as early as 1580). The expulsion was at the same time an opportunity for the Valencian lords, who for centuries had been receiving static rents that had not kept pace with the rise in prices resulting from the influx of precious metals from the Indies. The opportunity to put an end to the emphyteutic contracts and gain access to other more advantageous types of contracts such as leases were some of the reasons for the nobility’s collaboration in agreeing to the expulsion of their Moorish subjects. The idea was that the territories would be repopulated with Old Christians brought from other regions. However, the results were catastrophic. Only the great nobles were somehow able to make up for the Moorish loss. For the rest, not as many repopulators arrived, nor were they all interested in settling under the new conditions. Some of the nobility were ruined within a few years, because they had already had an unbridled standard of living with the Moorish presence and were carrying huge debts. With the expulsion of the Moors, not only were they unable to repay their debts, but they could no longer even support themselves due to the depopulation of their lands.

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AHN: Councils. 22.243/4, fí° 73 v°-74 r

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:35 +0000

The repopulation that took place after the expulsion of the Moors posed many problems that were difficult to solve. The situation of this marginalised population before the expulsion was that of an overpopulation on which enormous taxes were levied. In such a way that, in order to pay them, they were forced to do strenuous work that still did not allow them to improve their standard of living, entering into a dynamic of proletarianisation as Fernand Braudel put it. The saying attributed to this population that said they lived as Christians, but paid as Moors, was therefore true. The truth is that, in order to survive, the Moors had to cultivate different types of cereals and rice was one of them. Their expulsion was not met with the same volume of population. But to this we had to add that with the Moors had disappeared the great experience in different types of cultivation that the repopulators did not know. Crops such as rice, apart from having a bad reputation due to the diseases it caused (malaria), demanded an effort that the repopulators were not prepared to make.

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Agustín Sánchez Cabello to Grimaldi

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:29 +0000

In the 16th century, the prestigious Jesuit order founded by Ignatius of Loyola was an authentic regenerative movement of the Christian religion in the Catholic sphere. Over time, the order acquired enormous political and economic clout. The Jesuits spread their networks throughout almost the entire planet, so that when the monarchies experienced a process of strengthening, they would view this religious institution with suspicion. That moment would come in the second half of the 18th century, when the Catholic monarchies advocated royalism, which was the recovery and strengthening of royal powers. To justify their expulsion, the Jesuits were accused of multiple crimes, including tyrannicide. Indeed, the Jesuits defended tyrannicide when the sovereign did not fulfil his obligations, the most representative case being that of Father Mariana, who defended these postulates as early as the 17th century. In reality, the monarchies did not want to continue to rely on such a powerful institution that still owed its loyalty to the pope, so they were expelled from almost all of Catholic Europe. In Portugal they were expelled in 1759, in France in 1762 and in Spain in 1767.

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