Fernando VI - History Lab

Cadastre of the Ensenada

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:42 +0000

Between 1750 and 1754 all the towns in “las Castillas” were subjected to an interrogation consisting of the following 40 questions: Name of the town (question 1); jurisdiction (2); extension and limits (3); types of land (4, 5); trees (6, 7, 8 and 13); measures of surface and capacity used (9, 10); species, quantity and value of fruits (11, 12, 14 and 16); tithes and first fruits (15); mines, salt mines, mills and other “artefacts” (17); livestock (18, 19 and 20); census of population, with neighbours, labourers, solemnly poor (21, 35 and 36), census of clerics (38) and convents (39); houses and other buildings (22); goods belonging to the commons (23), sisas and arbitrios (24), expenses of the commons, such as salaries, festivals, paving, fountains (25), taxes (26 and 27); industrial and commercial activities, with the utility of the goods or services produced: taverns, inns, shops, bakeries, butchers, bridges, boats on rivers, markets and fairs (29), hospitals (30), money changers and merchants (31), shopkeepers, doctors, surgeons, apothecaries, notaries, muleteers etc. (32); masons, stonemasons, masons, stonemasons, blacksmiths, cobblers etc. (33, 34); ships (37); alienated goods (28) and the King’s own revenues (40); the answers to these questions are obtained following a previously regulated process. This panoramic view of the Kingdom is a small part of a larger survey, the so-called Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada, set in motion by Royal Decree of Ferdinand VI on 10 October 1749, as a preliminary step to fiscal reform, replacing the complicated and unjust provincial revenues with a single tax, the so-called Contribution. The Single Tax was never implemented, but it has left an important volume of documentation in our archives, the General Answers are kept in various State Archives. The General Archive of Simancas holds the complete certified copy of the replies of the 13,000 localities of the Crown of Castile. Preservation reasons led to the initiation of the microfilming process. In the 1980s, the 545 books of General Answers kept in Simancas were microfilmed. The frequent consultation of these collections and the need to facilitate access made digitisation advisable, which was carried out by the Document Reproduction Service (SRDAE) from microfilm during 2004 and 2005. The result is 350,000 images of documents with very neat calligraphic handwriting, easy to read and with hardly any abbreviations; very few pages have legibility problems, such as faded inks or ink transfer from the back. These images are now available on this page.

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Treaty concluded between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal on the demarcation of limits in the provinces of America. Signed in Madrid on 13 January 1750

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:37 +0000

Treaty concluded between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal on the demarcation of limits in the provinces of America. Signed in Madrid on 13 January 1750.

The post Treaty concluded between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal on the demarcation of limits in the provinces of America. Signed in Madrid on 13 January 1750 first appeared on History Lab.

Gypsy family

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:31:28 +0000

The persecution of gypsies in Spain had a fateful chapter in the mid-1700s, during the reign of Ferdinand VI. Given that the various punishments and levies ordered by the authorities were not enough to tackle the problem caused by their existence, the solution that emerged in enlightened circles was to draw up a plan for a General Prison that would include the separation of men and women in order to prevent the generation of gypsies. The promoter of this idea was the Marquis de la Ensenada (1702-1781), who had previously ensured the neutrality of the Church so that the gypsies could not be held sacred and escape justice. Although the disgrace of the Great Raid had been capitalised on, he had the favourable opinion of many enlightened people. The measure was well conceived, poorly executed due to insufficient financial and human resources, and ended in such a disaster that the authorities soon became aware of it. Executed in two operations between July and August 1749, it involved the imprisonment of nine to ten thousand Gypsies for the sole crime of being Gypsies. There was total confusion because, among other reasons, it was not clear who or what a Gypsy was, since the word had been forbidden by previous legislation. The exceptions for the detention of Gypsies were so varied and the escapes from the detention centres so frequent that the plan ended in total failure, as recognised by the late law of 1763, in the time of Charles III, and a later law of 1765. The sense of ridicule was so great that in 1722, in the preamble to a new law on gypsies, all mention of the Great Raid was removed at the express request of Charles III.

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Europe in the 18th century

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:16 +0000

Digital portal with information about the reigns from Philip V to Charles IV, which took place during the 18th century. It also includes information about the European states during this century. After each of the informative sections, an interactive activity is included in which students can analyse their level of knowledge and the learning produced. Director: Arturo Ramo García

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The new Spain of the first Bourbons: Philip V. Memory of Spain

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:59 +0000

Episode 16 of the documentary series “Memories of Spain”. The descriptor on the rtve a la carte website contains the following summary: After the death of Charles II last Austria, the war of succession between France and Austria for the Spanish throne breaks out. Philip V (1700-1746), grandson of Louis XIV King of France, finally assumed the crown. Philip V centralised the state and abolished the privileges of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia and Majorca. He only respected the institutions of the Basque Country and Navarre, which supported him in the war. He was succeeded by Ferdinand VI (1713-1759) and Charles III (1716-1788). It is advised by Ricardo García Cárcel and lasts 51:52 minutes

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Charles III, lights and shadows of Enlightenment reformism. Memory of Spain

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:59 +0000

Episode 17 of the documentary series “Memories of Spain”. The descriptor that appears on the rtve a la carte website includes the following summary: Pacifism and cultural brilliance under Ferdinand VI; The culmination of the Bourbon reformism of Charles III; The crisis of 1766 and the expulsion of the Jesuits; International politics; Catalan and Basque fuerismos… It is advised by Ricardo García Cárcel and lasts 47:24 minutes

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The 18th century: the first Bourbons

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:54 +0000

Kairos is an educational project of the National Institute of Educational Technologies and Teacher Training of the Ministry of Education, directed by Dr. Antonio Rodríguez de las Heras. Along with methodological contributions aimed at reinforcing the teaching of history, it contains proposals for the development of History content taught in Secondary Education and Baccalaureate. This content refers to the unit “The 18th century: the first Bourbons” for the subject of Spanish History Baccalaureate (2006).

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The 18th century: the early Bourbons

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:48 +0000

Website of Professor Juan Carlos Ocaña which explains the block of contents on “The 18th century: the first Bourbons”, adapted to the subject of Spanish History of the Second Baccalaureate (2005), which includes the following sections: The War of Succession and the Utrecht system; the dynastic change of the 18th century: internal reforms; the practice of Enlightened Despotism: Charles III; the evolution of Spanish foreign policy in Europe; Bourbon policy in America during the 18th century; the Enlightenment in Spain; and the Spanish Enlightenment

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