flota - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 07:53:11 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg flota - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Plan of the order of battle of the armies at the Battle of Lepanto https://historylab.es/plan-of-the-order-of-battle-of-the-armies-at-the-battle-of-lepanto/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=plan-of-the-order-of-battle-of-the-armies-at-the-battle-of-lepanto Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:58 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/plano-del-orden-de-batalla-de-las-armadas-en-la-batalla-de-lepanto/ Representation of the position of the fleet that fought in the Battle of Lepanto in which Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra took part on board the galley Marquesa

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]]> The first of the Holy League’s objectives (1571) was to recruit a navy of galleys to confront the Turkish navy. In the end, 206 galleys and 6 galleys (large, heavily armed galleys) under the command of Juan de Austria, Luis de Requesens, Álvaro de Bazán, Gianandrea Doria, Agostino Barbarigo and Marcantonio Colonna were ordered. On 7 October 1571 they were confronted by just over 300 Turkish ships off the coast of Naupactos in the Gulf of Patras. The League’s superiority was due to its cannon (the Turks much preferred to sweep the decks with arrows) and the quality of the Spanish infantry on board. The battle was nothing more than a battle of infantry on ships: the League fought in three blocks: one along the coast, with Venetian galleys commanded by Agostino Barbarigo; one in the centre, commanded directly by John of Austria and Marcantonio Colonna; and one towards the open sea, under the command of Gianandrea Doria. The reserve was commanded by Álvaro de Bazán. In the central clash the Turkish admiralty ship, the Sultana, almost took the League’s admiral, the Royal, but the help of Marcantonio Colonna’s galleys reversed the situation and the Turkish admiralty was taken, annihilating all its crew, including Admiral Ali Paschá.By the end of the day the League had sunk 50 ships, taken about 140, taken 10,000 Turkish prisoners and freed the Turkish prisoners.despite the resounding victory (“the highest occasion that the past centuries have seen, the present nor the future centuries hope to see”, in the words of Miguel de Cervantes – who fought on the galley Marquesa – in the prologue to his Don Quixote) neither the League nor Spain nor Venice knew how to profit from it. Two years later the Turkish navy had completely recovered and Venice ceded Cyprus to the Ottoman Empire.

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]]> Actual evolution of the recorded arrival of precious metals in Spain, 1621-1675 (ducats) https://historylab.es/actual-evolution-of-the-recorded-arrival-of-precious-metals-in-spain-1621-1675-ducats/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=actual-evolution-of-the-recorded-arrival-of-precious-metals-in-spain-1621-1675-ducats Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:41 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/evolucion-real-de-la-llegada-de-metales-preciosos-a-espana-registrados-1621-1675-ducados/ Evolution of precious metals on their arrival in Spain from the Americas

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]]> The controversy surrounding the quantification of precious metals has always revolved around attempts to provide accurate figures for the stock of metals arriving in the fleets. However, the controversy is still open due to the impossibility of agreeing on the figures arrived for private individuals due to the increase in fraud during the 17th century. The interest in more rigorously specifying this type of figures is due to the fact that these funds contributed very directly to the financing of the Crown’s policy. It should be noted that, although precious metals were not the only source of credit for the monarchy, American remittances were attractive to large international bankers. These remittances have highlighted the limitations of official sources in providing real figures. However, from 1649 onwards, as a result of the decline in money arriving for the Royal Treasury, it was impossible to continue to maintain a policy of respect, and private funds definitively abandoned the fleet system. As for public funds, they increased between 1626 and 1640 until a sharp decline between 1641 and 1645, which contributed to the Treasury Council having to issue a new decree of bankruptcy in 1647, accentuating the financial crisis of the reign. From 1656-60, however, the Royal Treasury’s revenues became more stable. The decline in the arrival of public funds was much milder than has traditionally been noted, allowing us to understand the role of American remittances in the financial system of the Hispanic Monarchy. The Crown continued to have very large amounts of precious metals during the 17th century, comparable to those of the 16th century, but instead of using them in Spain, it did so beforehand or, instead of being recorded as such in the fleets, they were hidden under another name. Whatever the case, the money belonged to the Royal Treasury and was used for its benefit. In order to know the funds of the Monarchy in the 17th century, we started by knowing the funds recorded in the formations, the disposition made in America, the money obtained as a result of exchanges of silver for fleece, the pardons, the condemnations, the private seizures and the contributions of the Consulate.

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