Gender - History Lab https://historylab.es Tue, 10 Jan 2023 13:37:44 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Gender - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Map of origin of (female and male) vagrants arrested in eighteenth century Frankfurt https://historylab.es/map-of-origin-of-female-and-male-vagrants-arrested-in-eighteenth-century-frankfurt/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=map-of-origin-of-female-and-male-vagrants-arrested-in-eighteenth-century-frankfurt Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:47:18 +0000 https://historylab.es/map-of-origin-of-female-and-male-vagrants-arrested-in-eighteenth-century-frankfurt/ vagrancy, crime, migration

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]]> Map of origin of (female and male) vagrants arrested in eightheenth century Frankfurt. Recent studies on early modern Germany have estimated a female share of 35 to 40 percent. Vagrancy was not a ‘male’ offence, as has long be assumed.

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]]> The Mornings: wishes 2013 and women in the rural world https://historylab.es/the-mornings-wishes-2013-and-women-in-the-rural-world/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-mornings-wishes-2013-and-women-in-the-rural-world Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:44:49 +0000 https://historylab.es/the-mornings-wishes-2013-and-women-in-the-rural-world/ Oral source

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]]> Documentary.

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]]> Pay gap between men and women https://historylab.es/pay-gap-between-men-and-women/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pay-gap-between-men-and-women Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:44:21 +0000 https://historylab.es/pay-gap-between-men-and-women/ Pay gap between men and women

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]]> Graphic diagram that includes different factors that explain the pay gap between men and women.

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]]> Pay gap between men and women in the European Union https://historylab.es/pay-gap-between-men-and-women-in-the-european-union/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pay-gap-between-men-and-women-in-the-european-union Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:44:21 +0000 https://historylab.es/pay-gap-between-men-and-women-in-the-european-union/ Pay gap between men and women in the European Union

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]]> Text giving the concept of wage gap between men and women and the data in the different territories of the European Union.

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]]> Gender Equality Symbol https://historylab.es/gender-equality-symbol/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=gender-equality-symbol Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:43:52 +0000 https://historylab.es/gender-equality-symbol/ Gender Equality Symbol

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]]> Silhouette of male and female gender icons on a tree.

The post Gender Equality Symbol first appeared on History Lab.

]]> Islam and Gender in Europe https://historylab.es/islam-and-gender-in-europe/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=islam-and-gender-in-europe Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:42:29 +0000 https://historylab.es/islam-and-gender-in-europe/ Article by Fabio Giomi published in the Encyclopédie d'histoire numérique de l'Europe (2020)

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]]> Europe is today home to major Muslim populations because of a modern history in which the Ottoman presence over a part of the continent was accompanied by colonial domination of European powers, with its subsequent effects on economic migrations. Here we will examine three aspects of the relation between gender, Islam, and Europe. First, we will concentrate on the systems of representation built by European cultural elites with respect to Muslims, as well as their variation according to class, race, and gender. Second, we will broach the policies of nation states toward their Muslim populations, which have fluctuated between assimilation and stigmatization depending on the period and location, in addition to the responses of Muslim elites who juggled between religion-based community building and integration within broader national. Finally, we will concentrate on the ability to act of Europe’s Muslims, which is reflected in the variety of their gender discourses and practices.

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]]> Gender and profound changes in European Judaism https://historylab.es/gender-and-profound-changes-in-european-judaism/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=gender-and-profound-changes-in-european-judaism Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:42:29 +0000 https://historylab.es/gender-and-profound-changes-in-european-judaism/ Article by Béatrice de Gasquet published in the Encyclopédie d'histoire numérique de l'Europe (2022)

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]]> The role of Jewish women and men in European societies has undergone profound changes over the last two centuries. Their gradual equality of rights with non-Jews—in addition to the process of secularization and assimilation, anti-Semitism, and internal reforms of Judaism—had a different impact on women and men, and transformed Jewish representations of femininity and masculinity. The renewed value ascribed to women as “guardians of tradition” during the nineteenth century was a change that paradoxically enabled them to take on new roles as educators, leaders of Jewish organizations, and sometimes as officers. A major revolution came with their access to secular education, which was particularly early, and also to religious education somewhat later. The profound reorganization of Jewish collective institutions after the Holocaust led to renewed religious polarization opposing the “Orthodox,” who were often in the majority, and “liberals” with respect to women’s participation in the synagogue and the study of religious texts.

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]]> Questions of Gender in French and European Protestantism https://historylab.es/questions-of-gender-in-french-and-european-protestantism/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=questions-of-gender-in-french-and-european-protestantism Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:42:29 +0000 https://historylab.es/questions-of-gender-in-french-and-european-protestantism/ Article by Stéphane Lavignotte published in the Encyclopédie d'histoire numérique de l'Europe (2020)

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]]> Questions of gender in French and European Protestantism revolve around three poles: participation in struggles within society for equal rights, inclusion and equality in Churches, and the production of feminist or LGBT theologies. Protestants took part in women’s earliest struggles during the nineteenth century but did so without producing a feminist theology. As the question of women’s access to pastoral ministry emerged during the first half of the twentieth century, female youth movements formed, leading to the creation of a Protestant feminism during the 1960s that was active in the fight for contraception and abortion. The first feminist theologies truly blossomed during the 1970s, particularly in Germany. LGBT Christian movements were born during the same period, especially in Great Britain in dialogue with the United States. In Churches, the debates concentrated on access for LGBT individuals to the ministry as priests, and requests for blessings for same-sex unions.

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