Granada - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 15:10:06 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Granada - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Francisco de Saavedra attributed to Goya https://historylab.es/francisco-de-saavedra-attributed-to-goya/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=francisco-de-saavedra-attributed-to-goya Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:25 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/francisco-de-saavedra-atribuido-a-goya/ Portrait of Francisco de Saavedra, attributed to Goya and painted at the end of the 18th century

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]]> Francisco de Saavedra was an enlightened Sevillian who, after dedicating his life to a military career, reached the Court as a minister of Charles IV during a serious social situation that he tried to resolve through some of the institutions in Granada that he had come to know during his academic training at the Colegio del Sacro Monte. This is precisely where the work attributed to Francisco de Goya is kept, as when Francisco de Saavedra was appointed Minister of Finance in 1797 he immediately informed the College, which was great news.
So much so that on 12 December 1797 the rector himself ordered that he be congratulated and commissioned a painting to celebrate the appointment, to perpetuate his figure in order to motivate the rest of the students and as a source of propaganda for this Granada institution. It is a full-length representation of Saavedra, seated in a chair and dressed in the costume of a captain general.

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]]> The parish as a central space of social life https://historylab.es/the-parish-as-a-central-space-of-social-life/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-parish-as-a-central-space-of-social-life Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:18 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/la-parroquia-como-espacio-central-de-la-vida-social/ Resource showing the municipal representation highlighting the Church as a central element, reflecting the religious mentality expressed in local symbols

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]]> Once the Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula for Catholicism was over, new churches and parishes were founded, some where there was already a mosque, others in the central areas of the new population centres that arose. This process of parochialisation had the greatest impact on the configuration of the new Christian society. In the Modern Age, rural communities had the parish as their geographical and social centre, a space that reflected, on the one hand, the political and religious order and, on the other hand, the central point from which to orientate themselves: being in the world. The drawings shown are examples that the author of the resource proposes as forms of representation of the local community, that is, of the very conception of space in the form of churches. Gójar and Calicasas (Granada) were depicted in the Ensenada Cadastre (1753-1754) in the same way that Tomás López, as early as 1786-1789, received a sketch for his Relaciones Geográficas: a church surrounded by houses which, like satellites, mark the form of the structure of the space of the municipality or place. All this reflects the prevailing profound mentality of modernity, which imprinted its everyday values on society.

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]]> Íñigo López de Mendoza, 2nd Count of Tendilla and 1st Marquis of Mondejar https://historylab.es/inigo-lopez-de-mendoza-2nd-count-of-tendilla-and-1st-marquis-of-mondejar/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=inigo-lopez-de-mendoza-2nd-count-of-tendilla-and-1st-marquis-of-mondejar Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:18 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/inigo-lopez-de-mendoza-ii-conde-de-tendilla-y-i-marques-de-mondejar/ Portrait of Íñigo López de Mendoza painted by Juan Bautista de Espinosa

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]]> Íñigo López de Mendoza stood out as a great ally of King Ferdinand the Catholic, being captain general of the Kingdom of Granada and participating directly in the War of Granada at the end of the 15th century. After the victory, he was appointed the first governor of Granada, a post he held until the end of his life, combining the coexistence of victors and vanquished with the affairs of running the city, such as administrative and economic matters.
The original work was kept in the former collection of the Duke of Osuna, although its track has been lost, but it appears constantly in the documentation. The copy made by Francisco Díaz Carreño between 1877 and 1878, which is in the collections of the Museo del Prado, is better known today.
Both the portrait itself and the meticulousness with which it complements the setting are outstanding pictorially. It shows the main figure in front of a window, with a grenade emphasising the importance of the conflict in Granada and with significant elements of military command such as the staff in his hand and the helmet resting on the window. Stylistically, Juan Bautista de Espinosa shows the strong portrait painting tradition of the late 16th century, marking out isolated figures and very precise lines in the drawing.

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]]> Sepulchre of the Catholic Monarchs in the Royal Chapel of Granada https://historylab.es/sepulchre-of-the-catholic-monarchs-in-the-royal-chapel-of-granada/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=sepulchre-of-the-catholic-monarchs-in-the-royal-chapel-of-granada Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:09 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/sepulcro-de-los-reyes-catolicos-en-la-capilla-real-de-granada/ Sepulchre of the Catholic Monarchs in the Royal Chapel of Granada, by the sculptor Domenico Fancelli, where they are buried together with the remains of Juana and Felipe

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]]> The Royal Chapel of Granada was founded in 1504 and conceived as a mausoleum for the Catholic Monarchs. In the same year that it was founded, Queen Isabella died and was provisionally buried in the convent of San Francisco in Granada while awaiting the completion of the works. After Ferdinand’s death in 1516, his remains were laid to rest alongside those of his first wife in the capital of the Nasrid kingdom. The burial in Granada takes on special symbolism; the bodies of the monarchs were laid to rest in this city because after the War of Granada (1482-1492) and the capture of the capital of the kingdom, with the constant siege of the Christian troops against the Muslims, Boabdil finally surrendered the city to the Catholic Monarchs in January 1492. This completed the conquest of the Muslim contingent that had lasted eight centuries, culminating one of the most resounding victories of the early Modern Age

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]]> Details of the tomb of Joanna I and Philip I in the Royal Chapel of Granada https://historylab.es/details-of-the-tomb-of-joanna-i-and-philip-i-in-the-royal-chapel-of-granada/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=details-of-the-tomb-of-joanna-i-and-philip-i-in-the-royal-chapel-of-granada Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:09 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/detalles-del-sepulcro-de-juana-i-y-felipe-i-de-la-capilla-real-de-granada/ Sepulchre in the Royal Chapel of Granada, by the sculptor Bartolomé Ordóñez, in which Philip I and, later, in the mid-16th century, Joanna I of Castile were buried, together with their parents (the Catholic Monarchs).

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]]> Juana (daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella) married Philip (son of Emperor Maximilian) in Lier in 1496, thanks to the marriage policies of the Catholic Monarchs, whose aim was diplomatic and strategic. After the death of her brothers, John and Isabella, and that of her nephew, the Portuguese infant Michael, Joan became the heir to Castile and Aragon. Juana’s love for the foreign prince was matched only by Philip the Handsome’s lust for power, which was burdened by a reputation as a womaniser. This circumstance earned Juana the bad nickname of the madwoman because of the jealousy and love she felt for him. On the death of Queen Isabella in 1504, Philip was proclaimed King of Castile in 1506 until he died in September of the same year in the Palace of the Constables, supposedly poisoned. Juana decided to take Philip’s inert body to Granada (as she had arranged for it to be buried there). During the pilgrimage she sometimes stopped the retinue to pray and open the coffin, a fact that led her father to attribute to her the mental derangement with which she had always been associated and to remove her from power. After this, it was Ferdinand himself who assumed the Castilian throne while his daughter was imprisoned in Tordesillas. The fact that the burial was in Granada is not a trivial matter, since the end of the conquest against the Moors was in this city where the Catholic Monarchs were buried, thus commemorating one of the great feats of their reign.

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]]> Moors of Granada https://historylab.es/moors-of-granada/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=moors-of-granada Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:03 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/moriscos-de-granada/ Moorish clothing around the 16th century

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]]> The image shows the clothing of the Moors of Granada around the 16th century, portrayed by Jean Jacques Boissard in his book ‘Recueil de costumes étrangers’ (1528-1602). It depicts characteristic elements of Moorish dress, such as the sabanilla with a bun on the head, the shirt, the overcoat and the trabaq, which were the ‘Moorish tights’ or ‘calzas moriscos’ (Moorish tights). There is also a figure wearing Moorish underwear (second figure from the left), consisting of the characteristic zaragüelles or wide breeches with many pleats

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]]> View of the Royal Chancery of Granada https://historylab.es/view-of-the-royal-chancery-of-granada/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=view-of-the-royal-chancery-of-granada Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:30:03 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/vista-de-la-real-chancilleria-de-granada/ The image shows a view of the Royal Chancery of Granada around 1770. In the upper right-hand corner, part of the Alhambra can also be seen

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]]> The Royal Chancery of Granada was a judicial body established by the Catholic Monarchs in 1500, which became effective on the death of the Queen in 1505. This new institution inherited the powers of the previous Royal Court and Chancery of Ciudad Real, which had been established in that city in 1494. Its transfer to Granada had two main causes: the symbolic role that this city played in the reign and the monarchs’ intention to dominate this area politically. Its judicial powers extended to the territory south of the Tagus River, while the northern territories would be under the supervision of the Royal Court and Chancery of Valladolid. In 1531 King Charles I ordered the construction of the Palace of the Chancery, today located in Plaza Nueva, which was completed in 1587. The project was designed by the architect Francisco del Castillo el Mozo and the stonemasons Martín Díaz de Navarrete and Pedro Marín, and the sculptural work was carried out by Alonso Hernández. The courtyard has been attributed to the design of Diego de Siloé. During the 18th century, this institution gradually lost power and competences with the creation of the figure of the intendant. It finally disappeared in 1834 with the definitive establishment of liberalism in Spain

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]]> Female widowhood in the Kingdom of Granada in 1787 according to the Floridablanca Census. Data in % https://historylab.es/female-widowhood-in-the-kingdom-of-granada-in-1787-according-to-the-floridablanca-census-data-in/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=female-widowhood-in-the-kingdom-of-granada-in-1787-according-to-the-floridablanca-census-data-in Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:36 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/la-viudedad-femenina-en-el-reino-de-granada-en-1787-segun-el-censo-de-floridablanca-datos-en/ Map of widowhood Floridablanca Census

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]]> This map shows the percentages of female widowhood in the kingdom of Granada at the end of the 18th century using as a basis the information from the Floridablanca Census (1787). This census is considered to be one of the most complete of the Enlightenment, as the information it collects is structured on the basis of knowledge of the population by means of the following questions: according to type of accommodation and sex; classification by marital status, age and sex; classification by occupation; number of charitable and health centres; and religious communities. As can be seen from the map, the differences between the different regions stand out, where the figure barely exceeds 8% in towns belonging to Almeria, while values close to 15% are reached in areas of Malaga. Thus, the data shown indicate the greater weight of widowed women in the Malaga region. Undoubtedly, there are several factors that influence this issue, among them the greater or lesser access to remarriage, as well as the incidence of high male immigration caused mainly by the enrolment at sea.

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]]> Deaths in the city of Granada between 1647 and 1648 https://historylab.es/deaths-in-the-city-of-granada-between-1647-and-1648/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=deaths-in-the-city-of-granada-between-1647-and-1648 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:36 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/defunciones-en-la-ciudad-de-granada-entre-1647-y-1648/ Distribution of annual deaths showing peak mortality due to epidemics

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]]> Epidemics were a constant throughout the Modern Age, decimating the number of inhabitants. The graph shows the evolution of mortality in the city of Granada in two years: 1647 and 1648. In the context of the typhus that struck the city, mortality was stable during the first year, but from June onwards it increased considerably until September, when it remained almost constant until November and December. At the beginning of 1648, the first months are more benign; however, from June onwards, it increases again until its peak in September where, unlike the previous year, it drops considerably until December. Analysis of the data reveals the seasonality of deaths in Granada: the summer months. By age group, adults suffer the most from this phenomenon, followed by children and, finally, young people. Apart from the extraordinary epidemiological effects, the mortality rate is in line with that of the old demographic regime.

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]]> Neighbours, families and secular inhabitants according to the Cadastre of Ensenada (1752) https://historylab.es/neighbours-families-and-secular-inhabitants-according-to-the-cadastre-of-ensenada-1752/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=neighbours-families-and-secular-inhabitants-according-to-the-cadastre-of-ensenada-1752 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:40 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/vecinos-familias-y-habitantes-seculares-segun-el-catastro-de-ensenada-1752/ Resource reflecting the provincial population of the Crown of Castile in the mid-18th century

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]]> The Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada, carried out in the middle of the 18th century in the Crown of Castile, is one of the main historical sources for the study of demography, economy and territory. It consisted of several books dealing with numerous aspects; the resource shown here corresponds to the Neighbourhood and Census books. By regions, the territories of Andalusia had 1,462,449 inhabitants, Old Castile and León had 1,988,698, New Castile, including Madrid, had 1,040,972, Extremadura had 373,022 inhabitants, while Galicia and Murcia had 1,299312 and 272,057 respectively. A total of approximately 6,436,510 inhabitants for the Crown, where the most populated provinces were Seville (694,771), León (563,689) and Granada (545,285); those with the fewest inhabitants were Zamora (62,304), Toro (79,212) and Ávila (98,873).

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