Guerra de independencia - History Lab

Receipt signed by Francisco de Goya for 6,000 reales for the portrait of General Urrutia

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, born in Fuendetodos, is one of the most outstanding painters in Spanish history. His work reflects the historical period in which he lived, focusing especially on the events of the War of Independence.

The post Receipt signed by Francisco de Goya for 6,000 reales for the portrait of General Urrutia first appeared on History Lab.

Testament of Miguel Ricardo de Álava

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:30 +0000

Miguel Ricardo de Álava y Esquivel was a Spanish military officer, diplomat and politician. Throughout his political career he held the posts of President of the Council of Ministers, Minister of the Navy and Minister of State. In the military sphere, he took part in the War of Independence, especially in the Battle of Vitoria, his native city. The French troops, already retreating, clashed with a group of British, Portuguese and Spanish troops, commanded by the Duke of Wellington. This final defeat of the French side forced Napoleon to return the country’s crown to Ferdinand VII. Miguel Ricardo de Álava belonged to an enlightened family, whose members included founders of the Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País and the Real Seminario de Vergara, where he studied before entering the military career.

The post Testament of Miguel Ricardo de Álava first appeared on History Lab.

Ordinary revenues of the Peninsula and the Indies for the Spanish Monarchy, 1763-1811

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:41 +0000

During the Modern Age the Hispanic Monarchy was financed by its subjects settled in the Iberian Peninsula and in the imperial provinces overseas. From 1763 to 1811, the territories that contributed most to the General Treasury of Spain showed an inversion: while the peninsular crowns were the main sources of financing in ordinary revenues, the French invasion that triggered the War of Independence caused the contribution of these territories to fall sharply; for their part, revenues from the Americas were maintained and only surpassed the peninsular contribution because of this situation. However, as the author points out, ordinary revenue to the General Treasury from the Americas did not include revenue in kind. Thus, if we add ordinary income to extraordinary income, the aforementioned reversal of contributions occurred in the 1790s, when the transfer of silver from New Spain accounted for 80% of total American remittances.

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The Crisis of the Ancient Regime 1808-1833

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:48 +0000

Website of Professor Juan Carlos Ocaña which explains the block of contents on “The crisis of the Ancient Regime 1808-1833”, adapted to the subject of Spanish History of Second Baccalaureate (2005), which includes the following sections: the crisis of 1808: War of Independence and political revolution; The Cortes of Cadiz and the Constitution of 1812; Ferdinand VII: Absolutism and libertarianism. The Emancipation of Latin America.

The post The Crisis of the Ancient Regime 1808-1833 first appeared on History Lab.

Teresa Montalvo a salonnière. Calle de la Luna (Madrid)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:41 +0000

Teresa Montalvo was a Cuban intellectual whose literary and political salon shone in Madrid at the end of the 18th century, located in an estate that no longer exists on Calle Luna and the old Calle Panaderos. Married to the Count of Jaruco, Teresa’s life changed when she moved to Madrid in 1789. In the capital, her intelligence, personality and social skills turned her house, where she had a large library, into a political, economic and cultural centre that was frequented by Goya, Moratín and other writers and intellectuals of the time. Despite her personal difficulties, such as the death of her husband in 1807 or the rumours that identified her as the lover of José I during the War of Independence, her figure is considered a catalyst of Enlightenment ideas, a facilitator of projects and business – especially between Spain and Cuba – and an intelligent person who knew how to make the most of the Spanish court customs of the time. The video, 4.48 minutes long, is part of “Madrid, Ciudad de las Mujeres”, a cultural and touristic application where the traces of women in the city of Madrid are recovered http://madridciudaddelasmujeres.es/ and to which we refer for this description.

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Total War: Empire

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:35 +0000

The video game is the fifth title in the Total War series. As in the previous titles, the player must choose a faction and try to dominate Europe, North Africa and America, through military force, politics, diplomacy, espionage and economic development. It is the first game in the series to allow you to conduct naval battles in real time. It includes a campaign to direct the development of the USA from the settlement of Jamestown to the Revolutionary War, as well as re-enactments of historic battles from the 18th century.

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Ferdinand VII, a bad reign of a lousy king

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:35 +0000

Radio documentary on Ferdinand VII and his reign. Described in his time as “The Desired One” by a people who saw him as a victim of Godoy, first, and Napoleon, later, he is considered one of the worst kings in the history of Spain. Born in 1784, he was the son of Charles IV and Maria Luisa of Parma. A conspirator against his father, Napoleon took advantage of the weakness and division of the royal family to force the abdication of the crown and hand it over to his brother Joseph. Exiled in France during the War of Independence, he returned to Spain in 1814. As absolute monarch he annulled the Constitution of Cadiz and persecuted the liberals. After Riego’s uprising, he had no choice but to swear the Constitution in 1820 during the so-called Liberal Triennium. Three years later the absolute monarchy was imposed once again, ushering in the Ominous Decade until his death in 1833. In the absence of a son, he repealed the Salic Law so that his daughter, the Infanta Isabella, could accede to the throne. With the Pragmatic Sanction, the Carlists, supporters of the Infante Carlos María Isidro, saw their hopes of succession collapse, provoking a civil war that would continue throughout the 19th century. Modesta Cruz’s documentary features contributions by Emilio La Parra and Juan Francisco Fuentes, as well as Miguel Artola Gallego, a former Prince of Asturias Award winner.

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Assassin’s Creed III

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:29 +0000

Fifth video game in the main saga of the Assassin’s Creed series. It begins the Kenway saga and controls two characters. The second, who is the protagonist for much of the plot, is Ratohnhaké:tön, a Mohawk member of the fictional Order of Assassins, who assumes an important role in the events leading up to and accompanying the American War of Independence. Its settings focus especially on the cities of Boston and New York, although part of the rural territories of the Thirteen Colonies and bordering territories are included, where the plot unfolds while historical characters such as George Washington, Edward Braddock, Israel Putnam or Samuel Adams are met. It stands out for the richness of its setting and the interaction with the environment, although this is accompanied by important historical licences.

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Europa Universalis II

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:29 +0000

The second video game in the Europa Universalis series. In it, the player controls a state over five centuries, managing its economy, military conquests, diplomatic alliances, scientific development, exploration and colonisation, religious affairs and the instability of its kingdom. It has several historical settings, dedicated to colonialism, the American War of Independence or the Napoleonic Wars. The campaign allows you to choose between Austria, England, France, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Monarchy.

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Outlander

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:27:23 +0000

British-American series, based on Diana Gabaldon’s saga of novels, depicting the life of a mid-20th century doctor in 18th century Scotland and the English colonies in North America, following several time travels. The series depicts the relationship between the metropolis and the Scots and the North American colonists in a very engaging way. Coming in early 2021, the series has 5 seasons and 67 episodes.

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