José Bonaparte - History Lab

“Spanish War of Independence” collection in the Hispanic Digital Library of the National Library of Spain

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:34:06 +0000

Digital repository of diverse and monographic material about the Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814); maps, songs, images, publications, engravings, allegories, flags, battles, texts, etc

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Diary of the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:40 +0000

The expulsion from Spain and the loss of their income was not the only misfortune the Jesuits had to face. The political upheavals in Spain led to the appointment of Joseph Bonaparte as the new king after the Napoleonic invasion. The new document of Bayonne (Charter of Bayonne) was intended to be endorsed not only by the one hundred Spanish representatives who went to the city of Bayonne, but it was intended that everyone who received money from the public purse should support the new king’s accession to the throne, under threat that their income would be suspended if they did not do so. Spanish Jesuits who had been exiled in Italy were also called upon to endorse the document. Some accepted, but others refused on the grounds that the new monarch was a usurper, and since then faced no small amount of trouble. Those who refused to sign the document were arrested, imprisoned and relocated to convents under guard. With this, the normality that the Jesuits had managed to achieve in their new destinations was again undermined, and as Inmaculada Fernñandez de Arrillaga points out, they carried out different jobs such as confessors, teachers, etc. Such was the case of Father Manuel Luengo arrested in Rome.

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Circular to the intendants, governors, magistrates and mayors of the Kingdoms of Andalusia

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:29 +0000

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Napoleonic Invasion took place as a result of the Treaty of Fontainebleau, in which it was agreed that Napoleon would cross the peninsula to invade Portugal in return for his friendship with England. This favour was to be repaid to Spain with the cession of part of Portuguese territory, namely the Algarve. However, Napoleon proceeded to occupy the Spanish territory, transferring the rest of the royal family to France along with Charles IV and the future Ferdinand VII. Faced with this situation, after the events of the Second of May, guerrillas were organised throughout the peninsula, with headquarters in Cadiz, from where they proceeded to resist the onslaught of the Napoleonic armies. In this context, not the entire population aligned itself with the resistance. Some intellectuals, politicians, artists, etc., allied themselves with the new government of Joseph Bonaparte. Some of these French supporters joined the new Bonapartist administration, where they were confronted by French officers who were prone to abuse of the population. With the defeat of Napoleon’s armies in 1813, these Frenchmen had to go into exile in France, where they were housed in temporary camps on the border (the most important ones were treated better), in this case, the text reflects the position of Blas Aranza y Doyle, who until before the Napoleonic invasion had been an employee in the Spain of Charles IV, working as a quartermaster in the administration. On the entry of the Napoleonic troops, he offered himself to the new King Joseph Bonaparte, who placed him in the new administration of the country. The text may reflect the opinion against organised resistance in Cadiz, in this case through the testimony of a Frenchman who wanted the population to collaborate in preventing the ravages of the French army.

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