Lima - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 15:30:32 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Lima - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Tributes and lags in the viceroyalty of Peru by the Court of accounts in 1630. https://historylab.es/tributes-and-lags-in-the-viceroyalty-of-peru-by-the-court-of-accounts-in-1630/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=tributes-and-lags-in-the-viceroyalty-of-peru-by-the-court-of-accounts-in-1630 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:57 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/tributos-y-rezagos-en-el-virreinato-del-peru-por-el-tribunal-de-cuentas-en-1630/ Tributes collected in different provinces of the viceroyalty of Peru in 1630

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]]> Much of the interest in the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru has focused on Francisco de Toledo (1569-1582), the principal architect of the kingdom’s administrative, labour and fiscal system during the formative years of the 16th century, who increased the power of the state in pursuit of a restructuring between Spaniards and Amerindians by channelling the flow of surplus economic wealth to Spain. The efforts of the viceroy and the Madrid government to prevent abuses fell on deaf ears once he left the viceroyalty, as the main criticism was directed at the corregidores, who were said to have disregarded the laws, abused their authority and enriched themselves at the expense of the Crown and the Indians. Such malfeasance did not go unnoticed, and in 1604-1626 Crown officials seriously contemplated abolishing the corregimiento system in the Indies. The general corruption and incompetence of the corregidores is the most plausible explanation for the absence of a significant correlation between tribute revenues and the number of indigenous tributaries. Revenue fluctuations between 1580 and 1630 were excessively pronounced. The transitory rise in tribute revenues in 1624-1627 was simply the result of a large remittance by the corregidores of the capital. Treasury officials based in Lima could not contain the administration among corregidores who were nominally under their jurisdiction. The system of fees and administrative procedures, carefully devised by Francisco de Toledo, was in ruins by the early 17th century. Corruption of the corregidores and loss of tax revenues were widespread in the provinces far from the viceregal capital. According to Francisco López de Caravantes, in 1630, tax debts or arrears had reached 1,654,057 pesos in the viceroyalty. In this sense, the highland provinces of Potosí, Cuzco and La Paz were the ones that had accumulated the largest arrears.

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]]> Women in Hispanic America https://historylab.es/women-in-hispanic-america/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=women-in-hispanic-america Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:22 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/las-mujeres-en-la-america-hispana/ Explanatory video on the situation of indigenous women on the American continent in the Modern Age

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]]> Audiovisual capsule on American women in the Modern Age, focusing on the diversity existing in this space, as exemplified by the ethnic differences or the heterogeneous legal conditions (free, slaves). Special mention is made of the case of the “tapadas” of Lima. Duration: 8.04 min. The video, made by Benita Herreros Cleret de Langavant (University of Cantabria), is designed for university students (Degree in History, Master’s and Doctorate in Modern History) and is one of the results of the teaching innovation project “History and Art Capsules II. History, with gender and in feminine”, funded by the University of Cantabria through a competitive public call (2020). This teaching project was coordinated by Begoña Alonso and Benita Herreros Cleret de Langavant (PIs), with the participation of Tomás A. Mantecón Movellán and Rubén Castro Redondo, together with the two aforementioned researchers

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]]> The mints of the Indies https://historylab.es/the-mints-of-the-indies/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-mints-of-the-indies Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:11 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/las-casas-de-moneda-de-indias/ Short video explaining the birth of the Mint in the American dominions

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]]> This short video explains the birth of the mints in the American dominions. The regions of Mexico and Santo Domingo, and later Lima and Potosí, are particularly highlighted. The first Bourbons imposed quality measures which prompted the opening of new mints in Guatemala, Popayán and Santiago de Chile. Silver from the colonies arrived in Spain where it was minted, above all, in the form of reales de a ocho, a coin also known as the peso and later as the duro. The type of coins was also varied, with special emphasis on the symbolism in the form of the Pillars of Hercules and the motto of Emperor Charles: PLVS VLTRA.

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]]> Viceroyalty cities of the Hispanic monarchy in the 16th century https://historylab.es/viceroyalty-cities-of-the-hispanic-monarchy-in-the-16th-century/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=viceroyalty-cities-of-the-hispanic-monarchy-in-the-16th-century Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:06 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/ciudades-virreinales-de-la-monarquia-hispanica-en-el-siglo-xvi/ Audio explanation of the founding of the viceroyal urban centres during the 16th century

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]]> This programme deals with the foundation of viceroyal cities during the 16th century and the capacity for control and expansion by the monarchical institution in those colonies of the New World. Aspects of the position of the viceroy and his involvement in the different regions of Italy and the Indies are explained in detail. In addition, urban transformations are analysed, such as the structure of streets and water supply in the capitals of the viceroyalties, often linked to the direct action of the Spanish viceroys who had to deal with the local powers. Different examples are cited, such as the Italian viceroyalties, with Naples and Palermo as other cases in Europe, and the American viceroyalties, comparing the cases of Lima and Mexico.

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