Mujeres - History Lab

Didactics 2.0 Museums in women’s terms

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:34:35 +0000

Didactica 2.0 Museos en Femenino is the result of joint work between a team from the Instituto de Investigaciones Feministas of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the Asociación e-Mujeres and the teams from the museums participating in the project: Museo del Prado, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Museo del Traje and Museo Nacional de Cerámica González Martí. The project focuses on women in art and aims to develop joint actions in the field of museums to disseminate and facilitate knowledge of the cultural heritage held in them and promote their integration. On the website, each of the participating museums offers detailed and precise itineraries, as well as access to the corresponding teaching guides. These guides are extremely useful for both students and teachers. It is therefore a very useful tool for dissemination and teaching to guide the analysis of art and history from a gender perspective. For the period of the Modern Age, the proposals that best fit its chronology are those of the Museo del Prado and, in part, those of the Museo Nacional de Cerámica González Martí and the Museo del Traje.

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Madrid, city of women

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:34:35 +0000

“Madrid, city of women” is a collaborative project that aims to show from different points of view the presence, past and present, of women in the city of Madrid, their historical, social, economic and cultural protagonism. With the intention of giving women back their place in the cartography of the city, an interactive map has been created that geolocates their experiences. There are also several short videos https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-nroLMlxJy2h4X50oYqALA/videos that allow you to visualise and learn more about women’s history. The project, coordinated by Marián López Fernández Cao, from the Institute for Feminist Research at the Complutense University of Madrid, was created under the Erasmus + Divercity programme with the aim of connecting the associative movement, museums, the university and the city. The Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport and Madrid City Council have also collaborated in the development of this platform. The project aims to renew the view of the city from the point of view of women’s history, recognise the presence of women in cultural and scientific development, show the presence of women in the economic and industrial fabric of the city, show women as a key group in education, show the potential of women for the achievement of equality and the potential of women as creators of spaces of habitability and care.

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Roy Lichtenstein Resource

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:34:35 +0000

An entry on the American painter Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997), with proposed activities to work on in the classroom through the study and analysis of his Pop Art work.

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Didactic/divulgative resources on the History of women and gender relations in Spain

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:34:29 +0000

This website brings together a series of didactic/divulgative resources on the history of women and gender relations in Spain produced by teachers, graduates and undergraduate students. It is a site in a permanent process of construction. Chronologically planned in the long term, each section offers videos on monographic issues that can be found on its YouTube Channel. In addition, the videos are accompanied by lists of specific bibliographies for further knowledge and links to other websites in some cases. The website, which is the result of several teaching innovation projects, aims to bring research on women’s history and gender relations to students, teachers at different levels of education and the general public.

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Complete library of education orinstructions for young ladies

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:40 +0000

In the 18th century, education became a subject of enormous importance. The advent of the Enlightenment led to a wide dissemination of scientific publications, welcoming other platforms that had hitherto been developing underground, such as societies of scholars who exchanged correspondence. This preoccupation with education and knowledge included women who were also concerned about the state of women’s education at the time. Writers and educators such as Mme Le Prince de Beaumont advocated a female education that would bring women up to the level of knowledge of men. She strongly criticised the disregard for women’s aptitudes and argued that women had intellectual capacities that should be exercised. These publications were of great importance in France and England, and her writings were translated and spread to other places such as Spain. This was a moment of great importance in which women’s writings were beginning to gain importance. A few years after the death of Mme Le Prince de Beaumont, the French Revolution broke out and in 1799 Olympe presented the Declaration of the Rights of Women and of the Citizen.

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Between weakness and simplicity

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:40 +0000

The study of the profile of women, as well as their aspirations and behaviour in the modern age continues to be a subject of great interest. In the case in point, the provision of trades to women was an unobserved fact in the peninsular reality. However, as Pilar Bernabeu Navarret’s study points out, the reasons for this are to be found in the social codes that governed the time. In theory, the profile of women who could aspire to these posts was that of those who belonged to the nobility. However, it was precisely because she belonged to this order that she was furthest from being able to aspire to something similar. This was because the nobility had rigid codes of conduct that separated the male and female spheres. Women were expected to be demure and to take care of their work in the home. Thus, following the aforementioned author, it is difficult to trace the explicit exclusion of women in the provision of public offices (due to the issuing of legislation by different bodies which complemented other, older ones, etc.). What may have happened is that this exclusion derived more from social conventions than from an explicit regulation.

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Summa Theologiae

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:35 +0000

The description of woman given by St. Thomas in his Summa Theologica had a decisive impact on the classification of woman in relation to man. The religious interpretations of the time affirmed that woman did not possess a soul like other animals (with the exception of man), which in some way had to justify the difference between the two genders. The inferiority of women in relation to men was already dealt with by Aristotle, from whom the church fathers later took his assertions to introduce them into a Christian dynamic, as well as the rest of his philosophy. The sinfulness of women was coupled with their intellectual inferiority, and it was believed that they did not possess the basic endowments of men, which justified their exclusion from teaching.

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The conferences of the famous city of Tortosa

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:29 +0000

The exclusion of women from the field of education has been a widespread reality for many centuries, and Europe was no exception. Despite the fact that this area gradually became one of the most outstanding centres of knowledge production on the planet, the succession of paradigms of knowledge (Scholasticism, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, etc.) did not contemplate women as generators of knowledge. At this time, the role of women was to be reduced to housework and the education of children. Nevertheless, the profile could vary according to social status. For example, women who belonged to the nobility or the bourgeoisie could be somewhat better educated than their lower-ranking counterparts. Women’s education had already been considered as far back as Plato, and in the modern era, Juan Luis Vives’ work (De institutione feminae christianae), published in 1523, was also a case in point. However, the repercussions of this type of approach were not profound, and it would not be until the 18th century that a concern for the instruction of women would be shown. In this case, this is a text from the 16th century which shows the marginal situation of women in the field of education. It would be interesting to show the students the historical situation of exclusion of women from educational training, which on the other hand explains their absence in the production of knowledge, inventions, etc. Despite the fact that in the underground there will always be women who escaped from these rigid rules that for centuries governed society, it would be interesting to show the students the historical situation of women’s exclusion from educational training, which also explains their absence in the production of knowledge, inventions, etc

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Practical doctrines that he used to explain in his missions

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:29 +0000

The conquest of the Indies was a process that was accompanied by the evangelisation of the new human groups that inhabited them. This evangelising enterprise was assigned to the church which, under its different religious orders, implemented models of evangelisation according to the peoples for whom they were intended. This was a process in which there were both permanence and change, because elements of the ancient religions of the New World also had to be incorporated. In this case, Pedro de Calatayud formulated the principles of Catholic womanhood to which Guaraní women had to adhere. This is a reconfiguration of the conquered society and its adaptation to the conquistador. The new social models were contradictory to the native ones. For example, the nuclear family was imposed instead of the extended family, so that households had to include only parents and children. Likewise, attempts were made to eradicate practices such as excessive alcohol consumption, polygamy and free liaisons. In short, the prototype of the Catholic family was imposed, whose bond of union was only contemplated under canonical marriage. This often led to a clash between the two worldviews of women. In general, women’s participation in Guaraní society was more active and involved many more places than the Catholic prototype, which required them to stay at home and focus on pleasing their husbands and fulfilling their duties as housewives. It is striking that the vices that are criticised seem to come from the peninsular context, where women’s idleness was frowned upon and criticised in almost all the educational plans of the time.

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Numerous servants of a nobleman from Villarrobledo in 1753

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:23 +0000

The Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada included numerous socio-economic aspects of the individuals of the Crown of Castile. The document presented corresponds to the declaration of the nobleman Fernando Antonio Montoya. Fernando was ordinary mayor of the town of Villarrobledo. In 1753 he was 38 years old, while his wife was 47. His children were 17, 14 and 6 years old. His well-to-do position in the estates led him to have multiple servants in his service. Each servant is described according to his age and marital status. The maids stand out for being orphans, unmarried and varying in age from 40 to 22 years old; the same personal situation had the servant of his own service, Antonio Ruiz, aged 16, all three being completely dependent on the master. However, the servants specialising in farm work were all male and ranged in age from 15 to 50, with a total of 2 labour servants and 9 shepherds. Some of them, such as Felipe de Mora or Antonio Fraile were not residents of Villarrobledo, being counted as residents of Minaya, a few kilometres from the master’s town. For all these reasons, the declaration reflects the sexual roles associated with each gender (maids for the home and servants for field work), age and geographical location.

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