negros - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 07:49:49 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg negros - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Need for blacks for the mines https://historylab.es/need-for-blacks-for-the-mines/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=need-for-blacks-for-the-mines Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/necesidad-de-negros-para-las-minas/ Need for blacks and mulattos to work in the mines of Mexico

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]]> Letters from the city of Mexico addressed to King Philip IV, communicating various issues relating to the need for blacks and mulattos to work in the mines, the inconveniences suffered by Mexican trade and the consulate, the harm suffered by the farmers as a result of the removal of the repartimientos of Indians and the sale of aguardiente to the Indians.

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]]> Black Trade in Cuba https://historylab.es/black-trade-in-cuba/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=black-trade-in-cuba Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/comercio-de-negros-en-cuba/ Black Trade in Cuba

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]]> Report at the request of the Council of the Indies on the request of the neighbours of Cuba to supply the provinces of America with blacks.

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]]> Slave licence to Francisco de Esquivel https://historylab.es/slave-licence-to-francisco-de-esquivel/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=slave-licence-to-francisco-de-esquivel Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/licencia-de-esclavos-a-francisco-de-esquivel/ Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de Contratación in Seville, giving licence to Francisco de Esquivel to pass to Hispaniola six black slaves who are two year old Christians.

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]]> Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de Contratación in Seville, giving licence to Francisco de Esquivel to pass to Hispaniola six black slaves who are two year old Christians.

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]]> Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de la Contratación to allow Andrés de Duero three black Christian slaves to pass to the Indies. https://historylab.es/royal-decree-to-the-officers-of-the-casa-de-la-contratacion-to-allow-andres-de-duero-three-black-christian-slaves-to-pass-to-the-indies/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=royal-decree-to-the-officers-of-the-casa-de-la-contratacion-to-allow-andres-de-duero-three-black-christian-slaves-to-pass-to-the-indies Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:11 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/real-cedula-a-los-oficiales-de-la-casa-de-la-contratacion-para-que-dejen-pasar-a-andres-de-duero-tres-esclavos-negros-cristianos-a-indias/ Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de la Contratación to allow Andrés de Duero three black Christian slaves to pass to the Indies.

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]]> Royal Decree to the officers of the Casa de la Contratación to allow Andrés de Duero, resident on the island of Fernandina, three black Christian slaves to pass through to the Indies.

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]]> Evolution of the population by socio-racial groups in Cuba, 1774-1827 https://historylab.es/evolution-of-the-population-by-socio-racial-groups-in-cuba-1774-1827/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=evolution-of-the-population-by-socio-racial-groups-in-cuba-1774-1827 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:48 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/evolucion-de-la-poblacion-por-grupos-sociorraciales-en-cuba-1774-1827/ Evolution of the free white, free black and brown and black and brown slave population in Cuba in the late 18th century

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]]> At the end of the seventeenth century, the island of Cuba underwent a series of institutional transformations that resulted in a reformulation of the colonial pact between the local elites and the crown. This series of changes affected the structure of property ownership, agricultural production and the growth and composition of the population, making the island the world’s leading colonial sugar producer. Until the 17th century, the weight of the sugar economy in the province was minimal. The jurisdiction had five mills in 1778 and eight in 1792, producing 1.5% of the island’s total sugar. The momentum of the slave plantation system in the region was such that in 1827 there were 111 enclaves dedicated to this type of production in Matanzas, which contributed 25% of the island’s total production. One of the indicators of this process of change was the availability of a workforce linked to the success of the sugar model, where slaves and free blacks predominated. The evolution of Matanzas, in comparison to the rest of Cuba, confirms the general trend of change, highlighting the relevance of the region. For the island, population growth by group was generalised. In the first period (1774-1792), the free black and slave populations played a leading role. From 1792, the growth of the free population stagnated with a downward trend, while the slave population remained stable until the end of the period and reached the level of the white population.

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]]> Evolution of the population by socio-racial groups in Matanzas (Cuba), 1774-1827 https://historylab.es/evolution-of-the-population-by-socio-racial-groups-in-matanzas-cuba-1774-1827/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=evolution-of-the-population-by-socio-racial-groups-in-matanzas-cuba-1774-1827 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:48 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/evolucion-de-la-poblacion-por-grupos-sociorraciales-en-matanzas-cuba-1774-1827/ Evolution of the free white, free black and brown population and black and brown slaves in Matanzas (Cuba) at the end of the 18th century

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]]> At the end of the 18th century, the island of Cuba underwent a series of institutional transformations that resulted in a reformulation of the colonial pact between the local elites and the crown. This series of changes affected the structure of property ownership, agricultural production and the growth and composition of the population, making the island the world’s leading colonial sugar producer. Until the 17th century, the weight of the sugar economy in the province was minimal. The jurisdiction had five mills in 1778 and eight in 1792, producing 1.5% of the island’s total sugar. The momentum of the slave plantation system in the region was such that in 1827 there were 111 enclaves dedicated to this type of production in Matanzas, which contributed 25% of the island’s total production. One of the indicators of this process of change was the availability of labour linked to the success of the sugar model, where slaves and free blacks predominated. In the case of Matanzas, the general trend of growth was led by free blacks and slaves in the first period, with a more timid increase among whites. From 1792 onwards, the rate of growth was set by the slave population. With regard to Cuba, it should be noted that growth never stagnated at any time, and that the intensity was more pronounced, especially at the end of the period. The dynamism is reflected in the growth of the population of Matanzas as a proportion of the island’s population, from 2% in 1774 to 7% in 1827. Slaves not only outnumbered the white population, but also accounted for 9% of the total number of slaves in Cuba in 1827. In general terms, Matanzas underwent much more intense demographic transformations than the rest of the island during the 18th century, particularly among the slave population.

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]]> Evolution of the births, deaths and natural growth of the black population of Matanzas (1755-1810) https://historylab.es/evolution-of-the-births-deaths-and-natural-growth-of-the-black-population-of-matanzas-1755-1810/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=evolution-of-the-births-deaths-and-natural-growth-of-the-black-population-of-matanzas-1755-1810 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:48 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/evolucion-de-los-nacimientos-defunciones-y-crecimiento-natural-de-la-poblacion-negra-de-matanzas-1755-1810/ Evolution of births, deaths and natural growth of the black population in Matanzas, Cuba, between 1755 and 1810

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]]> At the end of the seventeenth century, the island of Cuba underwent a series of institutional transformations that resulted in a reformulation of the colonial pact between the local elites and the crown. This series of changes affected the structure of property ownership, agricultural production and the growth and composition of the population, making the island the world’s leading colonial sugar producer. The annual number of births showed an upward trend, increasing threefold between 1755-1810. The graph shows three periods of growth in births (1765-1770, 1780-1796 and 1800-1810) and three periods of stability (1755-1765-1770-1780 and 1796-1800). However, the annual number of deaths generally exceeded the number of births, so that black population growth was negative during almost the entire period, with the exception of 1783-1794 and 1805-1810. It should be added that annual fluctuations were more frequent and more intense among deaths than among births due to epidemic outbreaks.

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]]> Annual series of immigration entries of African slaves in Matanzas, 1755-1810 https://historylab.es/annual-series-of-immigration-entries-of-african-slaves-in-matanzas-1755-1810/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=annual-series-of-immigration-entries-of-african-slaves-in-matanzas-1755-1810 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:48 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/serie-anual-de-entradas-por-inmigracion-de-esclavos-africanos-en-matanzas-1755-1810/ Fluctuation of forced migration in Matanzas, Cuba, between 1755 and 1810

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]]> At the end of the seventeenth century, the island of Cuba underwent a series of institutional transformations that resulted in a reformulation of the colonial pact between the local elites and the crown. This series of changes affected the structure of property ownership, agricultural production and the growth and composition of the population, making the island the world’s leading colonial sugar producer. Until the 17th century, the weight of the sugar economy in the province was minimal. The jurisdiction had five mills in 1778 and eight in 1792, producing 1.5% of the island’s total sugar. The migration calculation, through the registration data, shows a very low immigration of slaves. The reasons for this are that the expansion of the agricultural frontier was from Havana towards Matanzas, which means that, if there was immigration, it should have been in this direction, and that the mobility of the slave depended on his owner, so it is expected that the slave population remained in Matanzas with their masters at the time of the sugar expansion. The flow of slave imports in the second half of the 18th century increased tenfold and was marked by strong oscillations. The largest inflows corresponded to an international context of internal transformations that made it possible to increase the black labour force through the slave trade in three periods. In the first period (1775-1785), slave imports seemed to be more sporadic and dependent on external events, such as the British invasion of 1762 and the American War of Independence. During the second period (1785-1795), there was a change in the trend towards a regular increase in forced immigration, and the effect of the French Revolution in Saint Domingue in 1791 led to a smaller influx of slaves. The growth of the curve coincided with medium-term internal transformations, such as the liberation of the slave trade (1789-1798), the application of duties favourable to production, alcabalas or tithes on sugar, coffee, indigo, cotton and the stimulation of the sugar trade, such as the increase in tariffs for free trade between Spain and the Indies. The last period, from 1795-1810, saw a stabilisation of the massive influx of slaves.

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