Pais Vasco - History Lab

Marriage contract of Antonio María de Munibe Aréizaga and Josefa Joaquina de Aranguren Álava

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:58 +0000

The social behaviour of the Basque families most closely linked to the Court and to the political, economic and cultural activities of the Age of Enlightenment followed very marked patterns. In this sense, the marriage policy of these families was determined by the linking of their members with each other, as the case of the Munibe-Aranguren-Álava families demonstrates. These three families were closely linked to the Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País and the projects derived from it. In this context, the three families became linked by marriage, thus consolidating their relationships and family strategies.

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Discovery of Terranova and cod fishing by the people of Guipuzcoa

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:51 +0000

The Treaty of Utrecht prohibited Spanish ships from accessing the Terranova fishing grounds. However, for centuries, this area was one of the most common fishing grounds for the Basques. Whaling had an extraordinary presence in the Basque economy. From the 12th to the 15th century, between the months of October and March, Basque whalers hunted whales in the Cantabrian Sea; however, from the 15th century onwards, the cetaceans began to disappear from the Cantabrian coast, so Basque fishermen had to move to Terranova. These expeditions, which lasted up to eight months and in which cod were also fished, were carried out with boats of fifty or so people.

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Confirmation of all the privileges, freedoms and liberties of the Lordship of Vizcaya by Emperor Charles V

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:51 +0000

One of the most outstanding peculiarities of the history of the Basque provinces lies in the existence of a foral regime, inherited from the Middle Ages to the Contemporary Age. The fueros, with some exceptions, are laws particular to a town, territory, social group or institution.

The post Confirmation of all the privileges, freedoms and liberties of the Lordship of Vizcaya by Emperor Charles V first appeared on History Lab.

Statutes of the Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:30 +0000

Document containing the founding statutes of the Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del país, the first Economic Society founded in the Hispanic Monarchy in 1765. Under the impetus of Xavier María de Munibe, Count of Peñaflorida, the Bascongada was created with the aim of promoting development, science and culture. The headquarters of the institution were established in the Insausti Palace in Azkoitia, and the list of members included important personalities of the society such as Valentín de Foronda, Pablo de Olavide and Félix María Samaniego.

The post Statutes of the Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País first appeared on History Lab.

List of the members of the Real Sociedad Bascongada de los amigos del Pais from its foundation in 1765 to 1779

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:30 +0000

Documents of the Real Sociedad Bascongada de Amigos del Pais which include a list of the members of the Sociedad Bascongada from its foundation in 1765 until 19.03.1779, including details such as their residence, the dues they pay and other details.

The post List of the members of the Real Sociedad Bascongada de los amigos del Pais from its foundation in 1765 to 1779 first appeared on History Lab.

Irish in Bizkaia between 1150-1850 through the sacramental certificates

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:36 +0000

The good trade relations between Ireland and Biscay, based on fishing activity, meant that Irish immigration to Biscay began to gain importance from 1600 onwards. The connection between the two territories was reinforced decades later when the Hispanic Monarchy supported the Irish cause against England; this dynamic led to the settlement of Irish exiles in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Thus, in the mid-17th century, there was an increase in the number of Irish baptisms registered in Biscay caused, according to the author, by the English army’s occupation of Ireland between 1649 and 1653. Many Irish nobles were stripped of their property and expelled from their lands due to their Catholic religious status and sought to settle in the commercial ports of their usual networks. At the end of the 17th century, the level of births and marriages fell due to the policy of appeasement shown by James II. After the loss of the throne of the last English Catholic monarch, the 18th century saw the great Irish migration to Biscay.

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Population trends in Northern Spain (1600-1857)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:13 +0000

The territory included in the conceptualisation of northern Spain is, for the author, Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque Country and Navarre; some 63,500 km2 which in the mid-19th century was home to almost 22% of the population of peninsular Spain. The resource deals with the demographic evolution of this territory between 1600 and 1857. Divided into maritime and inland areas, the population in the maritime north (Pontevedra, La Coruña, Asturias, Cantabria, Vizcaya and Guipúzcoa) was larger in 1600 than the inland territories (Orense, Lugo, Álava and Navarre), with a territory/population size ratio giving a similar density: 20.8 inhabitants per square kilometre in the coastal provinces, and 20.2 inhabitants per square kilometre in the inland provinces, exceeding the Spanish average of 15. The two and a half centuries of demographic evolution meant that the maritime north gained up to 225% more inhabitants, while the interior gained less: 85%. As a result, the coastal density increased to 62.9 inhabitants/km2, 3 times more than in 1600; a much lower figure than the growth of Orense, Lugo, Álava and Navarre, which reached 37.4. In short, the development of the maritime provinces, tripling their population, elevated them to the regions with the highest densities in Spain, while the interior grew slightly below the national average.

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Infant mortality in Spain (per thousand children born), 18th century

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:33 +0000

In general terms, infant mortality in Ancien Régime Spain obeyed high-pressure demographic dynamics. However, there was a regional variability that can be traced well into the contemporary period. These trends favoured the Spanish periphery to the detriment of the interior: Catalonia, Valencia, Aragon, Galicia, Cantabria, the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country and Navarre were found to have between 209 and 251 deceased children per 1,000 born in the first half of the 18th century, a range of 42, while by the second half of the century this range had decreased to 17. Inland Spain, on the other hand, infant mortality went from 303 to 320, an increase of 17 between the first and second half of the century. The data on the evolution of the Spanish territories also show a contrast between them; while the average for peripheral Spain is 203, the average for inland Spain is 320. What were the possible causes of regional variability? In addition to family trends and socio-economic structure, there were health (epidemics), climatic (bad harvests) and environmental aspects.

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The post Infant mortality in Spain (per thousand children born), 18th century first appeared on History Lab.