Siglo XVI - History Lab

File on the merits and services of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

File on the merits and services of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, containing the following documents: 1.- Memorial (apparently in Cervantes’ own handwriting) in which he sets out his merits and services performed in Italy, in the battle of Lepanto and elsewhere, on the occasion of requesting the granting of any of the four vacant posts he sets out: the accounting of the New Kingdom of Granada, the governorship of Soconusco, the accounting of the galleys of Cartagena de Indias, or the corregimiento of the city of La Paz (1590). Folios 1-2 2.- Certification given by the Duke of Sesa confirming the merits and services of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1578). Folio 3. 2.- Information at the request of Rodrigo de Cervantes, father of Miguel de Cervantes, made in Madrid before a court mayor to prove that he is his son, that he is noble, the services he contracted in Italy, that he was captive in Algiers and that because his father is poor he will not be able to ransom him (1578). Folios 4-13. 3.- Information made in Algiers before the Trinitarian Redemptor Father Fray Juan Gil and before the notary Pedro de Rivera, at the request of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, in which the services he has done and the great labours he suffered in his captivity are stated. All verified with the certification of the said redeeming father (1580). This information was made a few days after the rescue of Cervantes. Folios 14-52.

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Application for the licence and privilege to print Miguel de Cervantes’ Don Quixote

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:04 +0000

In the 17th century, in the face of the general situation of crisis, the field of literature experienced a brilliant period. Its main features can be defined as national exaltation, popular character and defence of traditions. Among the different disciplines, the theatre and the picaresque novel stood out. Cervantes, together with Lope de Vega, Quevedo, Calderón and Góngora were some of the main figures of the period.

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Memorial of some points on the Council of Trent

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:58 +0000

Throughout the 16th century, the Hispanic Monarchy had a notable representation during the twenty-five sessions of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), being particularly led by Jesuits from 1551. Among the objectives of this ecumenical council, the interest in defining Catholic doctrine and condemning the heresy of the Reformation should be highlighted. The historical significance of the Council is due to the definition of the Catholic Church’s doctrine on Sacred Scripture, Tradition, the Sacraments and celibacy, the confirmation of papal authority, etc. In short, the Council determined the dogmatic, liturgical and ethical norms of the Catholic Church.

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What was decreed at the Council of Trent

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:58 +0000

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Bull of Pius IV on the Council of Trent

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:58 +0000

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Plan of the order of battle of the armies at the Battle of Lepanto

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:58 +0000

The first of the Holy League’s objectives (1571) was to recruit a navy of galleys to confront the Turkish navy. In the end, 206 galleys and 6 galleys (large, heavily armed galleys) under the command of Juan de Austria, Luis de Requesens, Álvaro de Bazán, Gianandrea Doria, Agostino Barbarigo and Marcantonio Colonna were ordered. On 7 October 1571 they were confronted by just over 300 Turkish ships off the coast of Naupactos in the Gulf of Patras. The League’s superiority was due to its cannon (the Turks much preferred to sweep the decks with arrows) and the quality of the Spanish infantry on board. The battle was nothing more than a battle of infantry on ships: the League fought in three blocks: one along the coast, with Venetian galleys commanded by Agostino Barbarigo; one in the centre, commanded directly by John of Austria and Marcantonio Colonna; and one towards the open sea, under the command of Gianandrea Doria. The reserve was commanded by Álvaro de Bazán. In the central clash the Turkish admiralty ship, the Sultana, almost took the League’s admiral, the Royal, but the help of Marcantonio Colonna’s galleys reversed the situation and the Turkish admiralty was taken, annihilating all its crew, including Admiral Ali Paschá.By the end of the day the League had sunk 50 ships, taken about 140, taken 10,000 Turkish prisoners and freed the Turkish prisoners.despite the resounding victory (“the highest occasion that the past centuries have seen, the present nor the future centuries hope to see”, in the words of Miguel de Cervantes – who fought on the galley Marquesa – in the prologue to his Don Quixote) neither the League nor Spain nor Venice knew how to profit from it. Two years later the Turkish navy had completely recovered and Venice ceded Cyprus to the Ottoman Empire.

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Discovery of Terranova and cod fishing by the people of Guipuzcoa

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:51 +0000

The Treaty of Utrecht prohibited Spanish ships from accessing the Terranova fishing grounds. However, for centuries, this area was one of the most common fishing grounds for the Basques. Whaling had an extraordinary presence in the Basque economy. From the 12th to the 15th century, between the months of October and March, Basque whalers hunted whales in the Cantabrian Sea; however, from the 15th century onwards, the cetaceans began to disappear from the Cantabrian coast, so Basque fishermen had to move to Terranova. These expeditions, which lasted up to eight months and in which cod were also fished, were carried out with boats of fifty or so people.

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Confirmation of all the privileges, freedoms and liberties of the Lordship of Vizcaya by Emperor Charles V

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:51 +0000

One of the most outstanding peculiarities of the history of the Basque provinces lies in the existence of a foral regime, inherited from the Middle Ages to the Contemporary Age. The fueros, with some exceptions, are laws particular to a town, territory, social group or institution.

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Announcement relating to the edict of expulsion of the Moors from the kingdom of Aragon

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:51 +0000

The expulsion of nearly three hundred thousand Hispanic Moriscos, decided by Philip III on 4 April 1609, was the culmination of the process of eliminating religious minorities that began in our country with the expulsion of the Jews in 1492 and put an end to the more or less peaceful coexistence that had been taking place since the Middle Ages between Christians and Mudejars. The compulsory conversion of the Mudejars, after the conquest of the Kingdom of Granada (1492), now known as Moriscos, brought the conflict to a standstill for a few decades, during which there was equal parts distrust and support, hostility and rapprochement. The different solutions proposed for the assimilation of the Moriscos, ranging from evangelisation to inquisitorial repression, show that doctrinal controversies also involved a political process of repression motivated by the context of the Hispanic Monarchy’s ongoing conflicts with the Turks and Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean. The uprising of the Moors in Granada (1568-1570) marked the end of illusions about the possibility of mutual understanding. The general expulsion sanctioned the triumph of an exclusive Catholicism in Spain. The vicissitudes in which the expulsion took place and the social and economic consequences of forced emigration were suffered throughout the 17th century and are detailed in thousands of documents recorded in volumes and bundles in the Archive of the Crown of Aragon.

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Hernán Cortés’ Expedition to New Spain

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:42 +0000

Information at the request of Gonzalo de Guzmán, before the governor and adelantado Diego Velázquez, about the expedition of Hernán Cortés to New Spain, taking with him Alonso Fernández Puertocarrero and Francisco Montejo, a certain Alaminos as pilot and a Bautista as master. They were determined to follow up the discoveries made earlier by Juan de Grijalva. Arriving at a certain place, they took a ship, and loading it with gold and other riches, they sailed along dark and dangerous roads, fleeing lest they be caught. Signed by Diego Velázquez – Santiago de Cuba, 7 October 1519

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