Sociedad - History Lab

Cadastre of Ensenada

ad_hlab_min — Tue, 12 Apr 2022 18:15:26 +0000

Web portal about the Cadastre of Ensenada in the Portal de Archivos Españoles. Along with a presentation on the purpose of the Cadastre, it includes interesting information such as a copy of the Royal Decree, the cadastral documents, the territorial division and a biography of the Marquis of Ensenada. In addition, there is a transcription of the general responses and a search engine for localities, from which you can access digitised copies of the responses of all the municipalities of the Crown of Castile (except the Canary Islands, Basque Provinces and the Foral Kingdom of Navarre).

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Between weakness and simplicity

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:40 +0000

The study of the profile of women, as well as their aspirations and behaviour in the modern age continues to be a subject of great interest. In the case in point, the provision of trades to women was an unobserved fact in the peninsular reality. However, as Pilar Bernabeu Navarret’s study points out, the reasons for this are to be found in the social codes that governed the time. In theory, the profile of women who could aspire to these posts was that of those who belonged to the nobility. However, it was precisely because she belonged to this order that she was furthest from being able to aspire to something similar. This was because the nobility had rigid codes of conduct that separated the male and female spheres. Women were expected to be demure and to take care of their work in the home. Thus, following the aforementioned author, it is difficult to trace the explicit exclusion of women in the provision of public offices (due to the issuing of legislation by different bodies which complemented other, older ones, etc.). What may have happened is that this exclusion derived more from social conventions than from an explicit regulation.

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On personal desirability in civil society

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:40 +0000

In this fragment of the text “De la desigualdad personal en la sociedad civil”, Ramón Campos criticises the very ancient character that noble lineages procure. This type of affirmation derives from the enlightened profile of the author in question, in addition to his partisanship for the bourgeois profile which is capable of generating wealth as opposed to the concept of rent. The figure of Ramón Campos as a Spanish ilustrado is still being discovered, and as Santiago Lorenzo García states, we still need a comprehensive work that deals with his work as a whole. It is one facet of many others of this Spanish Enlightenment thought, often categorised as “second-rate Enlightenment”, following the aforementioned author, a statement which is, however, imprecise and incomplete, given the complex profile of the Spanish Enlightenment figures and the difficulty of categorising them.

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Process in which Domingo Sánchez takes over as vine tutor with María Martín as his pupil

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:40 +0000

Guardianship was a recognised legal concept under the ancien régime and was characterised by the high mortality rate between the parents. In order to support minors, a guardian was appointed who, in addition to guaranteeing the minor’s education, had to pay for his or her food and other needs. For this purpose, he took the income left by the orphan’s parents as a trustee. He also had to ensure the good use of this patrimony because, ultimately, it did not belong to him and because it would become the property of the minor once he reached adulthood. The guardian had to clear up the accounts by paying the debts contracted by the parents and had to see to it as far as possible that this patrimony was increased. On most occasions this office was classified by the legislation itself as a burdensome position, as María Gema Cava López points out. On many occasions, there was a lack of interest in taking on such a laborious post (with the exception of those in which the patrimony was of great importance), which is why incentives were offered to those who would take it on, such as the concession of a tenth of the yield of the assets administered.

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Gazeta de México

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:29 +0000

Until quite recently, ignorance of much of the workings of the world was supplemented by a belief that made divinity omnipresent in all things that happened in nature. Clearly the presence of divinity in the workings of things in the world remains a legitimate and defensible avenue. However, in this context, it was assumed that God was present in every moment, in all things, and that any natural event or disaster had a meaning that responded to the behaviour of the populations involved. For example, Jaime Bleda stated in his Chronicle of the Moors of Spain that the expulsion of the Moors was a necessary undertaking so that God would not cast terrible punishments on the peninsular coast. The 17th century was the century of natural disasters, as well as epidemics and famines, so processions, penances and trousseaus offered to the divinity multiplied. This type of social and religious behaviour was also transferred to the Indies. In this case, prayers were made to overcome a period of drought, miraculously obtaining a response to the supplications.

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Letter from José Sánchez to Gerónima

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:29 +0000

In the modern age, society was structured according to different organisational and mental parameters. There was a division of society along the lines of the estates, in which the ambition of all the social groups behind the privileged was to improve their social and economic situation. Under this premise, marriage constituted a gateway to improve the family situation. That is why love was not a determining element in the marriage of the spouses. In addition to the need for socio-economic advancement, there was the absolute power of the parents to approve the marriage. This fragment illustrates a frustrated love between a couple who are separated by the marital conveniences sought by their parents. In this case, José Sánchez’s father forces his son to marry a well-to-do woman against his will. Consequently, José Sánchez writes to his beloved informing her of the situation. This is evidence that rigid social mechanisms in modern times coerced men and women, putting them at the absolute disposal of the need to improve the family situation. In this case, by arranging marriages that would give the family a step up the social ladder.

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