Solidaridad - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 15:17:55 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Solidaridad - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Imperial Relief System. The evolution of military expenditure in the Manila coffers, 1580-1660 https://historylab.es/imperial-relief-system-the-evolution-of-military-expenditure-in-the-manila-coffers-1580-1660/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=imperial-relief-system-the-evolution-of-military-expenditure-in-the-manila-coffers-1580-1660 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:41 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/sistema-de-socorro-imperial-la-evolucion-del-gasto-militar-en-las-cajas-de-manila-1580-1660/ The resource reflects the expense of Manila, a territory of the Spanish Empire, in the face of attacks by the Dutch Armada. Articulation of a system of economic aid in the Empire through the "situados"

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]]> Spain’s introduction of America into the world system gave birth to the Spanish Empire through the conquest of numerous territories. Parts of Asia also came under the umbrella of the Empire. The Imperial articulation had its enemies at the international level. In the case of the Philippines, between 1600 and 1624, the Dutch Armada carried out nine operations aimed at fragmenting Spain. Important actions such as the bombardment of Iloilo, the siege of Manila in 1616 and the blockade of the city in 1621 and 1624 caused the local economy to suffer considerably. The evolution of military spending showed exponential growth during the first half of the 17th century, a time of increased Dutch pressure. The Philippines, a Spanish sovereign territory that was self-financed by the revenue collected from the Islands, was financially supported by the Empire in what is known as “situados”. A situado was, in the author’s words, the transfer executed from a surplus to a fiscal deficit in the imperial tax pool. Aid to the Philippines from the Mexican viceroyalty was used to finance defence and troop costs. Increased military spending led to the pacification of hostilities by protecting Spanish and Philippine interests in the West Indies.

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]]> Relatives to whom inheritance improvements are given. Albacete, 1760s. https://historylab.es/relatives-to-whom-inheritance-improvements-are-given-albacete-1760s/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=relatives-to-whom-inheritance-improvements-are-given-albacete-1760s Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:31 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/familiares-a-los-que-se-les-dan-mejoras-de-herencia-albacete-decada-de-1760/ Transmission of patrimony via inheritance broke the egalitarian spirit of the Castilian system. The improvements were motivated by sentimental reasons.

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]]> The sample shown refers to the testamentary mandates that determined the inheritance of individuals. Despite the supposedly egalitarian inheritance, characteristic of the Castilian area, six out of every ten deeds contained an imbalance that broke with equality by improving certain family members. Of these, 31% were destined for sons and daughters, and of these, there is a greater predominance of males than females. With 17%, it was the servants who obtained an improvement, a significant fact as it reveals bonds of solidarity beyond the mercantile contract between master and servant. At the other end of the scale, only 4% of those who bequeathed more to their siblings were clerics, subject to celibacy, who bequeathed their possessions to siblings and nephews; and parents, with 9%. In the latter case, it was usually the children who died prematurely, without offspring, who improved their parents’ estates. It should be noted that improvements in inheritances were not produced as a means of ostensibly improving a child or relative, but as a type of compensation based on affection, work carried out or esteem. In short, despite the existence of improvements, they do not have a value that decisively breaks the egalitarian inheritance.

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]]> Typology of the heirs in the Sierra de Alcaraz in the 18th century https://historylab.es/typology-of-the-heirs-in-the-sierra-de-alcaraz-in-the-18th-century/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=typology-of-the-heirs-in-the-sierra-de-alcaraz-in-the-18th-century Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:27 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/tipologia-de-los-herederos-en-la-sierra-de-alcaraz-en-el-siglo-xviii/ The transmission of wealth through inheritance according to kinship and sentimental affinities. The Castilian model of egalitarian inheritance prevailed, and the most common heirs were the first-born.

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]]> The transmission of property is fundamental to explain the material perpetuation of families. In most cases, children were designated as heirs, although in their absence, the property was passed on to other members of the family. Of the cases studied for the Sierra de Alcaraz, in the province of Albacete, in the 18th century almost 85% of the inheritances were destined to children, followed by spouses (9%), siblings (6.9%), grandchildren (4.6%) and nephews and nieces (3.3%). The data provided by the Sierra de Alcaraz follow the practices of the egalitarian model of the Castilian inheritance system; a descending level of transmission and with relative equivalences between men and women (53.76% and 46.24% respectively). In terms of matrimonial status, in the transmission of assets, an attempt was made to put unmarried children on an equal footing with gifted children if they had married, so that the eldest son did not benefit more than the others as a general rule. On the contrary, younger children could be given advantages because they had not yet left the family nucleus and were able to help with the work or assist the testators when they were ill. If the children were young, the spouses were appointed curators and usufructuaries or, in their absence, the closest relatives.

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