Tabernas - History Lab https://historylab.es Thu, 19 May 2022 15:13:18 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Tabernas - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Cadastre of the Ensenada https://historylab.es/cadastre-of-the-ensenada/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=cadastre-of-the-ensenada Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:42 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/catastro-de-la-ensenada/ The General Answers of the Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada constitute the oldest and most exhaustive survey available on the towns of the Crown of Castile in the mid-18th century.

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]]> Between 1750 and 1754 all the towns in “las Castillas” were subjected to an interrogation consisting of the following 40 questions: Name of the town (question 1); jurisdiction (2); extension and limits (3); types of land (4, 5); trees (6, 7, 8 and 13); measures of surface and capacity used (9, 10); species, quantity and value of fruits (11, 12, 14 and 16); tithes and first fruits (15); mines, salt mines, mills and other “artefacts” (17); livestock (18, 19 and 20); census of population, with neighbours, labourers, solemnly poor (21, 35 and 36), census of clerics (38) and convents (39); houses and other buildings (22); goods belonging to the commons (23), sisas and arbitrios (24), expenses of the commons, such as salaries, festivals, paving, fountains (25), taxes (26 and 27); industrial and commercial activities, with the utility of the goods or services produced: taverns, inns, shops, bakeries, butchers, bridges, boats on rivers, markets and fairs (29), hospitals (30), money changers and merchants (31), shopkeepers, doctors, surgeons, apothecaries, notaries, muleteers etc. (32); masons, stonemasons, masons, stonemasons, blacksmiths, cobblers etc. (33, 34); ships (37); alienated goods (28) and the King’s own revenues (40); the answers to these questions are obtained following a previously regulated process. This panoramic view of the Kingdom is a small part of a larger survey, the so-called Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada, set in motion by Royal Decree of Ferdinand VI on 10 October 1749, as a preliminary step to fiscal reform, replacing the complicated and unjust provincial revenues with a single tax, the so-called Contribution. The Single Tax was never implemented, but it has left an important volume of documentation in our archives, the General Answers are kept in various State Archives. The General Archive of Simancas holds the complete certified copy of the replies of the 13,000 localities of the Crown of Castile. Preservation reasons led to the initiation of the microfilming process. In the 1980s, the 545 books of General Answers kept in Simancas were microfilmed. The frequent consultation of these collections and the need to facilitate access made digitisation advisable, which was carried out by the Document Reproduction Service (SRDAE) from microfilm during 2004 and 2005. The result is 350,000 images of documents with very neat calligraphic handwriting, easy to read and with hardly any abbreviations; very few pages have legibility problems, such as faded inks or ink transfer from the back. These images are now available on this page.

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]]> Tavern scenes https://historylab.es/tavern-scenes/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=tavern-scenes Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:31:03 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/escenas-de-taberna/ Smokers and other characters depicted by Teniers inside a tavern

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]]> Teniers the Younger depicts the typical scene of smokers in a tavern interior, following the models of Adriaen Brouwer. The artist repeats figures and details from other versions in the composition, with slight variations in the organisation of the space and the configuration of the figures. The villagers in the foreground show a harmonious colour scheme in their clothing. This group represents the different stages of the action, from the preparation to the act of smoking and the pleasure of doing so. Other frequent elements in compositions in this style are the sleeping dog and the pipe mouthpiece on the ground, as well as the exquisite detailing of the vessels and other utensils. The interest of Spanish kings in this type of painting was not only shown by Philip IV and Charles II, but also by the Bourbons of the 18th century, who continued to collect paintings by this artist.

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