Toledo - History Lab https://historylab.es Tue, 10 Jan 2023 13:40:51 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Toledo - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Plan of Toledo https://historylab.es/plan-of-toledo/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=plan-of-toledo Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:44:49 +0000 https://historylab.es/plan-of-toledo/ Urban landscape

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]]> Music in the Modern Age: Francisco Guerrero https://historylab.es/music-in-the-modern-age-francisco-guerrero/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=music-in-the-modern-age-francisco-guerrero Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:34:35 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/la-musica-de-la-edad-moderna-francisco-guerrero/ Web repository with a brief introduction to music of the Modern Age

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]]> Agrega 2 is a project developed between the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Red.es and the Autonomous Communities. It is a repository of educational content that can be found organised according to the content curriculum in Secondary Education and Baccalaureate and can be stored and used online. The centralisation covers a wide range of topics. In this case, the chosen theme is the music of the Modern Age around characteristic figures of the period such as the Sevillian composer Francisco Guerrero or Cristóbal Morales. It also discusses Baroque and secular music, highlighting the fundamental role of the organ as a key instrument in the field of composition. The website acts as an editable resource where you can complete small exercises and notes that highlight the highlights.

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]]> Statement by a servant about the hardships his family is going through. Toledo, 1771 https://historylab.es/statement-by-a-servant-about-the-hardships-his-family-is-going-through-toledo-1771/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=statement-by-a-servant-about-the-hardships-his-family-is-going-through-toledo-1771 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:23 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/declaracion-de-un-criado-sobre-las-penurias-que-esta-pasando-su-familia-toledo-1771/ Dependency situation with children outside the home

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]]> The text shows how Francisco Garrido, 56 years old and married to Francisca Díaz, 48 years old, had three children. The first of them was 28 years old, single and worked serving in the house of Juan Gutiérrez; the second was 16 years old and lived with his uncle Esteban Díaz as he could not support him; the third and last was a 14 year old girl who was admitted to the General Hospital in Madrid. The family’s delicate situation meant that the wife worked in different houses washing clothes, although her wages were very low, while the husband tried to earn a living as a servant in a shop.

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]]> Single woman with children, husband absent for 3 years. Toledo, 1778 https://historylab.es/single-woman-with-children-husband-absent-for-3-years-toledo-1778/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=single-woman-with-children-husband-absent-for-3-years-toledo-1778 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:23 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/mujer-sola-con-hijos-marido-ausente-desde-hace-3-anos-toledo-1778/ Woman abandoned by her husband with children in her care

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]]> The document is a statement by Sebastiana de Torres, 39 years old and a resident of Toledo, on the situation of her family. She declares that her husband, Esteban de Arévalo, a shepherd by trade, has been missing for three years. As a result, since the family’s main breadwinner was missing, Sebastiana had to work in order to support her children. She says that her work as an errand girl earns her 140 reales a year, although 33 reales of this amount goes to pay the rent for the house where they live.

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]]> Poor widowed woman living in a room in an inn. Toledo, 1770 https://historylab.es/poor-widowed-woman-living-in-a-room-in-an-inn-toledo-1770/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=poor-widowed-woman-living-in-a-room-in-an-inn-toledo-1770 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:23 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/mujer-viuda-y-pobre-residente-en-un-cuarto-de-un-meson-toledo-1770/ Widowhood and poverty in a woman from Toledo

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]]> María González, aged 67, was a widow and extremely poor. Her situation led her to live with her two grandchildren: Manuel, 20 years old and a low-wage worker at the inn where they live; and Gregorio, 11 years old. Both grandchildren are in her care due to the premature death of their parents. With no help other than charity, her situation brought her no small amount of worry for her and her grandchildren’s future.

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]]> Woman washerwoman with husband absent for 24 years. Toledo, 1778 https://historylab.es/woman-washerwoman-with-husband-absent-for-24-years-toledo-1778/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=woman-washerwoman-with-husband-absent-for-24-years-toledo-1778 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:23 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/mujer-lavandera-con-marido-ausente-24-anos-toledo-1778/ Loneliness and neglect of a washerwoman for 24 years

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]]> Ana María Delgado, a resident of the parish of San Isidoro de Toledo, declared that she worked as a washerwoman, earning 2 reales a day to support herself. She also said that she was a single woman and that “I have no one to earn them for me”. This allusion refers to the absence of her husband, 24 years without him, without knowing his whereabouts or whether he is still alive or dead. Ana María also states that she has to subsist by her own means and that she has a house of her own in which she lives, the rent of which is worth 12 ducats (a method of valuation to refer to the value of the property). This is an example of a single woman seeking her future by working and having a comfortable personal situation.

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]]> Declaration of assets of a servant page in Toledo in 1771 https://historylab.es/declaracion-de-de-un-criado-paje-de-toledo-en-1771/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=declaracion-de-de-un-criado-paje-de-toledo-en-1771 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:23 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/declaracion-de-bienes-de-un-criado-paje-de-toledo-en-1771/ Description of the situation of a page servant

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]]> Document reflecting the situation of a page servant. The declaration is part of those made by the only Royal Tax; it was the responses to the Cadastre of the Marquis de la Ensenada that the monarch ordered to be made in order to take stock of the socio-economic situation of his Kingdom. In this case, he is a servant in the house of Don Nicolás Juan Paniagua, for which he is paid 3 reales a day. He also declares that he lives in his house with his wife, his mother-in-law and a neighbour from Toledo.

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]]> Declaration of assets of a company servant in Toledo, 1771 https://historylab.es/declaration-of-assets-of-a-company-servant-in-toledo-1771/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=declaration-of-assets-of-a-company-servant-in-toledo-1771 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:23 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/declaracion-de-bienes-de-un-criado-de-compania-en-toledo-1771/ Description of the situation of a servant in a company

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]]> The declaration of the servant, Nicasio Cortés, aged 55 and husband of Josefa de Santa, aged 77, in which he states that he is not employed despite working in the house of Águeda Cepeda. He considers that this work, as he does not receive remuneration, does not count as real employment. In the same way, he states that both he and his wife subsist thanks to the wages earned by their son, Tomás Cortés, at the Royal Sword Factory. Why is Nicaso not paid as a servant? Although it is true that his work consisted of keeping company, the objective he could have pursued was to obtain a benefit of material goods after the death of the owner, who for reasons of affection could leave them some belongings as an inheritance.

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]]> Declaration of dependency of a page servant in Toledo, 1771 https://historylab.es/declaracion-de-dependencia-de-un-criado-paje-en-toledo-1771/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=declaracion-de-dependencia-de-un-criado-paje-en-toledo-1771 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:23 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/declaracion-de-dependencia-de-un-criado-paje-en-toledo-1771/ Description of dependence on a page servant

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]]> Pascual Herráez y Barreda, resident of Toledo, aged 49, is married and has a daughter, Inés Herráez y Barreda, aged 17. Pascual declares to be the servant of Tomás Martínez de la Torre, who is Abbot of Santa Leocadia. His salary is 4.5 reales, although he specifies that he has to eat, dress himself and pay for the house, so the real money he has left is 1 real. He therefore fears that Tomás Martínez could dismiss him from his work or that he would die, leaving him without income. This declaration is one of the declarations made by the Royal Contribution to ascertain the socio-economic state of the Kingdom.

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]]> First sheet of the register of inhabitants of the parish of Santiago de Toledo in 1769. https://historylab.es/first-sheet-of-the-register-of-inhabitants-of-the-parish-of-santiago-de-toledo-in-1769/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=first-sheet-of-the-register-of-inhabitants-of-the-parish-of-santiago-de-toledo-in-1769 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:33:16 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/hoja-primera-de-la-matricula-de-habitantes-de-la-parroquia-de-santiago-de-toledo-en-1769/ The register of inhabitants of a parish (Santiago de Toledo, 1769), as a source of demographic control and reconstruction of family trajectories

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]]> Since the Council of Trent (1545-1563), the local churches had been keeping a register of the sacraments (baptism, marriage and burial), as well as a control of parishioners’ registration in each parish: the Libros de Matrícula (Registration Books). In the absence of reliable registers in the pre-census period, the Libros de Matrícula, mainly at the beginning of the modern period, provided the most exhaustive control of the population. In them, with variable information, the head of the family, the members of the household, their age and even the specific address of the house could appear. With the passage of time, the civil authority would deepen the systems of human control in order to establish greater fiscal supervision to increase the Treasury, and new ways of counting the population were established: the systematic censuses and censuses of the 19th century.

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