Virreinato de Perú - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 14:58:11 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg Virreinato de Perú - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Number of thousands of Amerindian tributaries in the viceroyalty of Peru (1580-1630) https://historylab.es/number-of-thousands-of-amerindian-tributaries-in-the-viceroyalty-of-peru-1580-1630/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=number-of-thousands-of-amerindian-tributaries-in-the-viceroyalty-of-peru-1580-1630 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:41 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/numero-de-miles-de-tributarios-amerindios-en-el-virreinato-de-peru-1580-1630/ Construction of the viceroyalty of Peru since the 16th century and its impact on the number of Amerindian tributaries in the 16th century

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]]> Much of the interest in the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru has focused on Francisco de Toledo (1569-1582), the principal architect of the kingdom’s administrative, labour and fiscal system during the formative years of the 16th century, who increased the power of the state in pursuit of a restructuring between Spaniards and Amerindians by channelling the flow of surplus economic wealth to Spain. The efforts of the viceroy and the Madrid government to prevent abuses fell on deaf ears once he left the viceroyalty, as the main criticism was directed at the corregidores, who were said to have disregarded the laws, abused their authority and enriched themselves at the expense of the Crown and the Indians. Such malfeasance did not go unnoticed, and in 1604-1626 Crown officials seriously contemplated abolishing the corregimiento system in the Indies. Nevertheless, demographic studies for Peru have provided estimates of the indigenous tributary population belonging to the district of the caja de Lima. The graph presented here indicates that the indigenous tributary population fell sharply from 30,394 in 1580 to 14,690 in 1630, a decline of more than 50%. The effect of epidemics and emigration on Peru’s demographic decline was particularly severe in the district of Lima. Most tributaries lived in villages that came under the jurisdiction of an encomienda. A contemporary, Antonio de León, estimated that by 1631 the encomiendas of the Lima district were producing more than 82,000 pesos a year in tribute. In this sense, the decline of the indigenous population increased the tax burden on the tributaries remaining in the repartimientos.

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]]> Tributes and lags in the viceroyalty of Peru by the Court of accounts in 1630. https://historylab.es/tributes-and-lags-in-the-viceroyalty-of-peru-by-the-court-of-accounts-in-1630/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=tributes-and-lags-in-the-viceroyalty-of-peru-by-the-court-of-accounts-in-1630 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:57 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/tributos-y-rezagos-en-el-virreinato-del-peru-por-el-tribunal-de-cuentas-en-1630/ Tributes collected in different provinces of the viceroyalty of Peru in 1630

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]]> Much of the interest in the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru has focused on Francisco de Toledo (1569-1582), the principal architect of the kingdom’s administrative, labour and fiscal system during the formative years of the 16th century, who increased the power of the state in pursuit of a restructuring between Spaniards and Amerindians by channelling the flow of surplus economic wealth to Spain. The efforts of the viceroy and the Madrid government to prevent abuses fell on deaf ears once he left the viceroyalty, as the main criticism was directed at the corregidores, who were said to have disregarded the laws, abused their authority and enriched themselves at the expense of the Crown and the Indians. Such malfeasance did not go unnoticed, and in 1604-1626 Crown officials seriously contemplated abolishing the corregimiento system in the Indies. The general corruption and incompetence of the corregidores is the most plausible explanation for the absence of a significant correlation between tribute revenues and the number of indigenous tributaries. Revenue fluctuations between 1580 and 1630 were excessively pronounced. The transitory rise in tribute revenues in 1624-1627 was simply the result of a large remittance by the corregidores of the capital. Treasury officials based in Lima could not contain the administration among corregidores who were nominally under their jurisdiction. The system of fees and administrative procedures, carefully devised by Francisco de Toledo, was in ruins by the early 17th century. Corruption of the corregidores and loss of tax revenues were widespread in the provinces far from the viceregal capital. According to Francisco López de Caravantes, in 1630, tax debts or arrears had reached 1,654,057 pesos in the viceroyalty. In this sense, the highland provinces of Potosí, Cuzco and La Paz were the ones that had accumulated the largest arrears.

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