XVII - History Lab

Map of the Kingdom of Navarre. “Regni Navarrae”

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:32:25 +0000

Map of the kingdom of Navarre in 1690 that includes towns, cities, municipalities, merindades (which he calls “MAIORINATU”), roads, rivers and orographic features. It has a different orientation with the west at the top of the map and the east at the bottom. It also includes the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Navarre at the top.

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Distribution of military expenditure (1606-1642) (%)

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:20 +0000

In the Hispanic monarchy, armies were raised for different purposes, either to send to a front or to defend coastal settlements. Tax collection to support the military apparatus in Galicia was initially a state initiative. However, as we move into the 17th century, an attempt was made to ensure that the burden of expenditure also fell on the locals. Two aspects are important to highlight in this picture: The first is that army maintenance costs were high during the Pax Hispanica, which contrasts with the period of peace ushered in by the various truces and peace agreements concluded by the monarchy. Philip III’s decision to maintain the armies at a time when it was time to recover would be too costly for the monarchy when the Thirty Years’ War broke out. For while the adversaries had grown stronger, the Hispanic Monarchy had not managed to overcome the exhaustion that became apparent at the end of Philip II’s reign. The second point is the lack of investment in the fortifications, which, according to María del Carmen Saavedra Vázquez, is what explains the constant complaints about their poor state, precisely at a time when they needed to be remodelled.

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Prosecuted for street lighting in Novelda and Alicante

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:20 +0000

Pietist currents were a normalised reality in the peninsular sphere during the modern age. They were characterised as movements that sought a more active religiosity through an intimate and personal experience of religion. However, at certain junctures, pietistic movements were generated which became heterodox and were consequently persecuted by the religious authorities. Alumbradism was a pietist movement that was very important in the Valencian area during the 17th century, and was studied by professor Cayetano Más Galvañ. It was characterised by the formation of closed groups in which an internalisation of the faith was advocated, the rejection of vocal prayer, abandonment, etc. The ecclesiastical authorities decided to persecute them because they disregarded religious authority and threatened the existence of social barriers.

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The age at first marriage of women and men in Castile during the Modern Era

ad_hlab_min — Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:28:33 +0000

Based on the method of reconstructing families by using parish registers, numerous micro-analytical demographic studies were carried out in Spain, mainly during the 1970s and 1980s. Thanks to these studies, it was possible to compare the reproductive behaviour of the different Spanish regions and to better outline the demographic structures. A synthesis of these results from a temporal perspective was carried out by Manuel Ardit Lucas. He found four large areas throughout the Modern Age according to the average age of marriage for women: inland Spain, with the lowest age of 21; Aragon, Catalonia and the Valencian Country, with 22; the Basque Country and Asturias-Cantabria, with 23; and Galicia, with 24, the highest age. In the 18th century, age increased by one year in all regions except for the Basque Country and the Cantabrian area, which increased by two years, thus equalling the Galicians at 25 years of age. As a particularity, in Galicia, the age of women was higher than that of men, although, obviously, this was not something absolutely general. In Spain in the first half of the 19th century, there were no major changes, although according to census data throughout the century, in contrast to what happened with celibacy, the age of marriage was falling throughout the country, especially among men. Women married slightly younger but continued to do so earlier, on average 24 years of age compared to 27.5 or 28 for men. This was close to the age that characterised the Western model of marriage.

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The post The age at first marriage of women and men in Castile during the Modern Era first appeared on History Lab.