Gaining an understanding of the funerary world is always difficult, as we are trying to understand ideas and beliefs developed by a long-gone society, and we only have archaeological materials and written sources.
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The alloy of copper with tin appeared for the first time in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in the Argaric period. In this study we have compiled all the published compositional analyses in order to assess the frequency and use of this alloy. The data show that some objects such as halberds were never made of bronze and that it is in personal adornments (bracelets, rings and earrings) that this alloy is most frequently detected. The chromatic effect of the metals and alloys (copper, bronze, silver) and their combination in grave goods or the greater or lesser social value given to the different metals seem to explain their choice and use better than the criteria of technological or functional improvement in this phase of the Bronze Age. It is suggested that the first bronzes may have been objects imported from other regions of the Iberian Peninsula or Europe.
Objects of ornamentation can be considered frequent elements among archaeological materials. They seem to be very simple pieces, but we do not know the extent of their significance. Through the study of the collections from the Vera Basin, as well as from other sites in the Southeast, we will approach the valuation of these objects.
The origin of the Roman tribes is a question that is still hotly debated today. In pre-Struscan monarchic times the Roman population was apparently divided into the three tribes of Tities, Ramnes and Luceres; this division, based on archaic gentile structures, was made on the basis of a rational distribution of the population with the aim of achieving a better administration of the state apparatus that would allow for greater efficiency in military recruitment.
Colonia Barcino has been and still is one of the most studied and best known Roman cities in the Peninsula thanks to the constant work of a wide range of researchers who have dealt with all aspects of it.
The heads studied belong to a votive deposit of the Etruscan – Lazio1 – Campanian type. The votive offering and its meaning.
Drawing, with the representation of forms by means of a silhouette line containing spots of colour, is the first means of expression and communication, the oldest manifestation of the art of mankind, predating writing.
In the field of painting, Hellenism can be framed between two well-defined events: the beginning is to be found in the generational change which, in the last two decades of the 4th century BC, marked the transition between the career of Apelles and that of his younger disciples and competitors, Antiphilus in particular; and the end would coincide with the organisation of the Augustan style and its most striking manifestation: the establishment of the Pompeian style in the decade 30-20 BC.
A gem from the National Archaeological Museum in Madrid is studied here, with special attention to the symbolism of the raven in the mysteries of Mithras, of which the gem depicts the sacrifice of the bull. The magical and astrological meaning of the gem enhances the profound meaning of the Mithraic religion.
Of all the myths of Hellenic antiquity, the myth of Ulysses is the one that has been most widely disseminated and, above all, the one that has maintained its presence uninterruptedly up to the present day.
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This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.
This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
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