This theme develops aspects related to the evolution of social organisation in Europe. Firstly, it explains the migratory processes that thousands of years ago led to the formation of the first European cities. The evolution of the European population from the Middle Ages to contemporary times. Secondly, the concept of the family and its evolution from the Ancien Régime through the practices associated with marriage and inheritance. Family diversity and the legislative changes made in recent decades make it possible to address the importance of cultural and ideological changes in European society. The family is also explained as a space for sociability and the creation of relational networks through which people develop their life cycles. Finally, the presence of social inequality in the history of Europe since antiquity is developed from the explanation of the existence of social hierarchies, which undergo processes of change and continuity over time.