castellana - History Lab https://historylab.es Fri, 20 May 2022 14:56:05 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://historylab.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/cropped-icono-historylab-32x32.jpg castellana - History Lab https://historylab.es 32 32 Heads and wool production of the Rojas (formerly Robles) herd, in absolute numbers and index numbers (100= 1747-1750) https://historylab.es/heads-and-wool-production-of-the-rojas-formerly-robles-herd-in-absolute-numbers-and-index-numbers-100-1747-1750/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=heads-and-wool-production-of-the-rojas-formerly-robles-herd-in-absolute-numbers-and-index-numbers-100-1747-1750 Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:02 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/cabezas-y-produccion-de-lana-de-la-cabana-de-rojas-antes-de-robles-en-numero-absolutos-y-numeros-indices-100-1747-1750/ Heads of sheep and average annual wool production

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]]> Transhumance in Castile reached its zenith and its decline in the 18th century. Difficulties arose at the end of the 18th century, as the War of Independence dealt a severe blow to the activity (immobilised herds, reduction in numbers, etc.) at the beginning of the 18th century. After the end of the conflict, the herds experienced a rapid and vigorous recovery on an unstable basis. The point of no return was the crisis of 1820, when the new international markets for fine wool became dominant. The Marquis of Villanueva de Duero, Bernardo de Rojas y Contreras, married to Cándida Rosa de Robles -daughter of the first owner Pedro de Robles, knight of the Order of Santiago-, was the owner for more than half of the period under consideration. The importance of the assets as a whole varied with the size and composition of the estate as the links and successions took place, as the income of the house amounted to just over 600,000 reales a year at the end of the century, 55.8% of which was generated by the Rojas estate and the rest by the Villariezo estate. On the other hand, it was customary for farmers to authorise their servants to take a certain number of sheep with them, the production of which was shared out. The sheep herd (leaving aside the temporary hiring caused by the bad years of the 1750s) remained stable at around 20,000 head until the end of the 1770s: from then until the first years of the 19th century, the number of sheep increased by 45%.

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]]> Costs and income of the Rojas herd, 1746-1808 (in constant reals) https://historylab.es/costs-and-income-of-the-rojas-herd-1746-1808-in-constant-reals/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=costs-and-income-of-the-rojas-herd-1746-1808-in-constant-reals Sat, 19 Feb 2022 16:29:02 +0000 https://historylab.es/2022/02/19/costes-e-ingresos-de-la-cabana-de-rojas-1746-1808-en-reales-constantes/ Costs and income of the Cabaña de Rojas during the 18th century

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]]> Transhumance in Castile reached its zenith and its decline in the 18th century. Difficulties arose at the end of the 18th century, as the War of Independence dealt a severe blow to the activity (immobilised herds, reduction in numbers, etc.) at the beginning of the 18th century. After the end of the conflict, the herds experienced a rapid and vigorous recovery on an unstable basis. The point of no return was the crisis of 1820, when the new international markets for fine wool became dominant. The Marquis of Villanueva de Duero, Bernardo de Rojas y Contreras, married to Cándida Rosa de Robles – daughter of the first owner Pedro de Robles, knight of the Order of Santiago – was the owner for more than half of the period under consideration. As for the structure of costs and income, it is worth noting the low weight of the tithe and other charges, which include: tithes paid to the Leonese mountain; service and montonnage; alcabalas and hundreds; charges in favour of the Honrado Concejo de la Mesta (the Honourable Council of the Mesta). On average, the tithes constituted 78% of the total, although they represented 4.3% of the income obtained from the sale of wool. Although lambs were subject to the tithe levy, the herd did not pay the full tithe. The rule governing the payment of the tithe for transhumant livestock was simple: half was paid in land and half in ends (greenhouses).

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